Off-tarp emissions, distribution, and efficacy of carbonated fumigants in a low permeability film tarped field

Soil chemical fumigation alters soil phosphorus cycling: effects and potential mechanisms

“…Soil P availability and its dynamics are complex, and should be seen as the overall combined effects of the entire process of soil fumigation on soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and not solely as the result of the biocidal effects of the fumigant. During soil chemical fumigation, plastic mulch is often applied as a tarp to trap the gaseous fumigants in the soil system to increase effectiveness (Austerweil et al, 2006;Fang et al, 2017;Qin et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2019), and prevent emissions into the surrounding atmosphere where fumigants pose health and ecotoxicity risks (Yates et al, 2002(Yates et al, , 2011. Plastic tarps are usually installed immediately after fumigant application and removed no less than 2 weeks later (Gao et al, 2013).…”