The snake raiser lung: An unusual cause of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae pneumonia

Baranzelli, A.; Loïez, Caroline; Bervar, Jean-François; Scherpereel, Arnaud; Wallet, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.001

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Statistical data on the occurrence of RAS in the EU, including Poland, are not available, as there is no obligation to interview patients regarding possible contact with reptiles. The scale of the problem is therefore unknown, although cases of Salmonella infections attributed to direct or indirect contact with captive reptiles have been reported in many European countries (in 2008–2017) [ 28 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Meletiadis et al [ 58 ] estimated the frequency of RAS in Italy at 3% to 7%, and in the 0–21 age group even up to 11.7%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

et al. 2022

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Reptiles are considered a potential source of Salmonella transmission to humans. The aim of this research was to determine the incidence of Salmonella in pet reptiles in Poland and to examine Salmonella isolates with regard to their biochemical characteristics, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pathogenic and zoonotic potential. The research material consisted of 67 reptile faeces samples. The taxonomic affiliation of the Salmonella isolates was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, biochemical analyses, and serotyping; whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed on three isolates whose serotype could not be determined by agglutination. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates was determined by the broth dilution method, and in the case of some antimicrobials by the disk diffusion method. The pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the identified serotypes was estimated based on available reports and case studies. The presence of Salmonella was confirmed in 71.6% of faecal samples, with the highest incidence (87.1%) recorded for snakes, followed by lizards (77.8%) and turtles (38.9%). All isolates (n = 51) belonged to the species S. enterica, predominantly to subspecies I (66.7%) and IIIb (25.5%). Among these, 25 serotypes were identified, including 10 that had previously been confirmed to cause reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS). Salmonella isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial substances used except streptomycin, to which 9.8% of the strains showed resistance. None of the strains contained corresponding resistance genes. The study demonstrates that pet reptiles kept in Poland are a significant reservoir of Salmonella and contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of reptilian Salmonella strains. Due to the risk of salmonellosis, contact with these animals requires special hygiene rules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

et al. 2022

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“…can penetrate and colonise their intestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting. Several reports from the United States and other countries described RAS cases and their origin, identifying examples of both direct and indirect contact with reptiles (Baranzelli et al, 2017 ; Damborg et al, 2016 ; Gambino‐Shirley et al, 2018 ; Gavrilovici et al, 2017 ; Horvath et al, 2016 ; Kiebler et al, 2020 ; Suzuki et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors of Salmonella spp. isolated from free‐living grass snakes Natrix natrix

Pawlak,

Małaszczuk,

Dróżdż

et al. 2024

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Salmonellosis associated with reptiles is a well‐researched topic, particularly in China and the United States, but it occurs less frequently in Europe. The growth of the human population and changes in the environment could potentially increase the interaction between humans and free‐living reptiles, which are an unidentified source of Salmonella species. In this study, we sought to explore this issue by comparing the microbiota of free‐living European grass snakes, scientifically known as Natrix natrix, with that of captive banded water snakes, or Nerodia fasciata. We were able to isolate 27 strains of Salmonella species from cloacal swabs of 59 N. natrix and 3 strains from 10 N. fasciata. Our findings revealed that free‐living snakes can carry strains of Salmonella species that are resistant to normal human serum (NHS). In contrast, all the Salmonella species strains isolated from N. fasciata were sensitive to the action of the NHS, further supporting our findings. We identified two serovars from N. natrix: Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae and S. enterica subspecies houtenae. Additionally, we identified three different virulotypes (VT) with invA, sipB, prgH, orgA, tolC, iroN, sitC, sifA, sopB, spiA, cdtB and msgA genes, and β‐galactosidase synthesised by 23 serovars. The identification of Salmonella species in terms of their VT is a relatively unknown aspect of their pathology. This can be specific to the serovar and pathovar and could be a result of adaptation to a new host or environment.

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Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets

Dróżdż

Małaszczuk

Paluch

et al. 2021

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission.Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.

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The snake raiser lung: An unusual cause of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae pneumonia

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

Pet Reptiles in Poland as a Potential Source of Transmission of Salmonella

Virulence factors of Salmonella spp. isolated from free‐living grass snakes Natrix natrix

Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets

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