Bromate formation from the oxidation of bromide in the UV/chlorine process with low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps

Fang, Jingyun; Zhao, Quan; Fan, Chihhao; Shang, Chii; Fu, Yun; Zhang, Xiangru

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.136

Cited by 74 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…HAA formation however, was increased under acidic pH, but GAC treatment mitigates their formation, particularly at natural pH. The formation of bromate during the UV/Chlorine process, when using low and medium pressure lamps, has been reported (Fang et al, 2017a). However, as far as the authors are aware, bromate formation has never been studied at the specific wavelength of this work (285 nm).…”

Section: Disinfection By-product Formationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Bromide is oxidised to hypobromous acid or hypobromite (eqs 11, 12), depending on pH, and then to bromate by hydroxyl radicals (eq 13). However, it is a complex process as chlorine radicals and other radicals are also suspected to be involved in bromate formation (eq 11- 13) (Fang et al, 2017b 8). The untreated water already contained a low concentration of bromate (<4 µg/L).…”

Section: Disinfection By-product Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, further research is needed to understand the impact of the UV/Chlorine process on DBPs at wavelengths specific to this process in more complex water matrices. In the case of inorganic DBPs, the formation of bromate when using the UV/Chlorine process in bromide-rich waters with low, and the use of medium pressure lamps has also been reported, identifying a possible risk of the process through formation of bromate (De Laat and Stefan, 2018;Fang et al, 2017a), outlining the need of further research on this topic. In addition, wider considerations for large scale application of the UV/Chlorine process have yet to be answered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection by-product formation during UV/Chlorine treatment of pesticides in a novel UV-LED reactor at 285 nm and the mitigation impact of GAC treatment

Carra

Lozano

Autin

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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The UV/Chlorine process has gained attention in recent years due to the high quantum yield and absorbance of the chlorine species. However, there are still many unknowns around its application as a treatment for drinking water. The potential for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is one of them.There are no studies reporting on the formation of Trihalomethanes (THMs) or Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) in complex matrices, such as real source waters, at UV wavelengths tailored to the UV/Chlorine process, which has been possible thanks to the development of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In addition, consideration of mitigation measures that might be needed after UV/chlorine treatment for full scale application have not been previously reported. Specifically, the novelty of this work resides in the use of an innovative reactor using UV-LEDs emitting at 285 nm for the removal of three pesticides (metaldehyde, carbetamide and mecoprop), the evaluation of THM, HAA and bromate formation in real water

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Section: Disinfection By-product Formationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Disinfection By-product Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection by-product formation during UV/Chlorine treatment of pesticides in a novel UV-LED reactor at 285 nm and the mitigation impact of GAC treatment

Carra

Lozano

Autin

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…6. Fang et al reported that the formation of BrO 3 − is enhanced with the increases in UV fluence and pH [95]. The enhancement effect is stronger in UV-A irradiation than in UV-C irradiation due to the longer absorption peak wavelength of free bromine than that of free chlorine.…”

Section: Effect Of Halide Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Processes: Their Mechanism, Byproducts Formation, Process Variation, and Applications

Kishimoto

2019

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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The photolysis of chlorine by ultraviolet radiation (UV/chlorine) produces HO˙ and Cl˙, part of which further transforms into reactive chlorine species (RCS) like Cl 2˙− and ClO˙. These radicals are responsible for the advanced oxidation effect of UV/chlorine processes. Recently, UV/chlorine processes gather much attention from researchers and practitioners and published papers on UV/chlorine processes have drastically increased, which were thoroughly reviewed in this paper for understanding the state of the art of these technologies. Fundamental studies elucidate that acidic conditions are favorable to UV/chlorine processes through a change in quantum yield of chlorine photolysis, equilibrium shifts of radical species, and a change in radical scavenger effect of free chlorine. Comparative studies reveal that UV/chlorine processes are usually more energy-efficient than UV/hydrogen peroxide and UV/ persulfate processes. Although unfavorable byproducts formation by RCS reactions is apprehended, application researches in real waters show that UV/chlorine processes do not enhance disinfection byproducts formation very much. Since UV irradiation and chlorination are widely used unit operations, a barrier to install an UV/chlorine process into a conventional process is not high. It is desired to develop and optimize a whole process combined with other unit processes for maximizing benefits in water treatment in the future. CONTENTS INFLUENTIAL FACTORSEffect of pH Effect of chlorine dose Effect of halide ion Effect of alkalinity Effect of natural organic matter (NOM) Effect of UV light source LP-UV/chlorine process MP-UV/chlorine process Excimer-UV/chlorine process UV-LED/chlorine process Solar/chlorine process Comparison with other UV-based AOPs PROCESS VARIATIONS

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“…Halogen ions, especially bromide ions, are typical nucleophiles, which are frequently used for nucleophilic substitution and addition. In order to achieve the umpolung of bromide to bromo-based electrophiles, strong chemical oxidants are regularly required [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. However, based on the intrinsic disadvantages of chemical oxidants, such as toxicity, environmental pollution, explosion risk, and economic costs, there is a growing need for green and sustainable approaches for the umpolung of bromides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Umpolung of Bromide: Transition-Metal-Free Bromination of Indole C–H Bond

et al. 2019

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A facile and sustainable electrochemical umpolung of bromide ion protocol was developed under mild reaction conditions. Transition metal catalysts and exogenous chemical oxidants were obviated for the bromination of C–H bond. Notably, graphite rod, which is commercially available at supermarkets and is inexpensive, was employed as the electrode material. This operationally easy and environmentally friendly approach accomplished the synthesis of 3-bromoindole in excellent yield and regioselectivity.

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Bromate formation from the oxidation of bromide in the UV/chlorine process with low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

Disinfection by-product formation during UV/Chlorine treatment of pesticides in a novel UV-LED reactor at 285 nm and the mitigation impact of GAC treatment

Disinfection by-product formation during UV/Chlorine treatment of pesticides in a novel UV-LED reactor at 285 nm and the mitigation impact of GAC treatment

State of the Art of UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Processes: Their Mechanism, Byproducts Formation, Process Variation, and Applications

Electrochemical Umpolung of Bromide: Transition-Metal-Free Bromination of Indole C–H Bond

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