“…It is interesting that for crossed graphene armchair nanoribbons, injected electrons have been shown to split with almost zero back‐reflection when the intersection angle of the nanoribbons is 60°—an electron beam‐splitter. [ 54 ] Additionally, graphene nanoribbons between superconducting contacts can form a novel form of tunable Josephson junction with a π‐phase shift. [ 55,56 ] This type of junction produces a spontaneous current and is ideal for operating as the functional quantum computing element, for example, for a quantum phase gate.…”
An electron is a quantum particle and behaves as both a particle and a probability wave. On account of this it can be controlled in a similar way to a photon and electronic devices can be designed in analogy to those based on light when there is minimal excitation of the underlying Fermi sea. Here, splitting of the electron wavefunction is explored for systems supporting Dirac type physics, with a focus on graphene but being equally applicable to electronic states in topological insulators, liquid helium, and other systems described relativistically. Electron beam‐splitters and superfocusers are analysed along with propagation through nanoribbons, demonstrating that the waveform, system geometry, and energies all need to balance to maximise the probability density and hence lifetime of the flying electron. These findings form the basis for novel quantum electron optics.
“…It is interesting that for crossed graphene armchair nanoribbons, injected electrons have been shown to split with almost zero back‐reflection when the intersection angle of the nanoribbons is 60°—an electron beam‐splitter. [ 54 ] Additionally, graphene nanoribbons between superconducting contacts can form a novel form of tunable Josephson junction with a π‐phase shift. [ 55,56 ] This type of junction produces a spontaneous current and is ideal for operating as the functional quantum computing element, for example, for a quantum phase gate.…”
An electron is a quantum particle and behaves as both a particle and a probability wave. On account of this it can be controlled in a similar way to a photon and electronic devices can be designed in analogy to those based on light when there is minimal excitation of the underlying Fermi sea. Here, splitting of the electron wavefunction is explored for systems supporting Dirac type physics, with a focus on graphene but being equally applicable to electronic states in topological insulators, liquid helium, and other systems described relativistically. Electron beam‐splitters and superfocusers are analysed along with propagation through nanoribbons, demonstrating that the waveform, system geometry, and energies all need to balance to maximise the probability density and hence lifetime of the flying electron. These findings form the basis for novel quantum electron optics.
“…15 Theoretically, it has been realized that crossed graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with large twisting values and strong suppression of the interlayer interaction, can acquire beam splitters and electron mirrors when integrated into nanodevices. [16][17][18] In this study, we investigate both the electronic and thermal conductance in nanodevices composed of a zigzag graphene nano-ribbon (ZGNR) and a twisted rectangular benzenoid [6,3]-flake, where 6 counts the number of hexagons along the zigzag edge and 3 counts the hexagons along the armchair edge. These types of flakes are among one of the smallest hydrocarbon structures to possess an antiferromagnetic ground state similar to ZGNRs 19,20 (see Fig.…”
Twisted graphene-layered materials with nonzero interlayer twist angles (θ) have recently become appealing, as they exhibit a range of attractive physical properties, which include a Mott insulating phase and...
Bilayer graphene samples may exhibit regions where the two layers are locally delaminated forming a so-called quantum blister in the graphene sheet. Electron and hole states can be confined in this graphene quantum blisters (GQB) by applying a global electrostatic bias. We scrutinize the electronic properties of these confined states under the variation of interlayer bias, coupling, and blister's size. The spectra display strong anti-crossings due to the coupling of the confined states on upper and lower layers inside the blister. These spectra are layer localized where the respective confined states reside on either layer or equally distributed. For finite angular momentum, this layer localization can be at the edge of the blister and corresponds to degenerate modes of opposite momenta. Furthermore, the energy levels in GQB exhibit electron-hole symmetry that is sensitive to the electrostatic bias. Finally, we demonstrate that confinement in GQB persists even in the presence of a variation in the inter-layer coupling.
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