MAIT-cells: A tailor-made mate in the ancient battle against infectious diseases?

Moreira, Marcela de Lima; Tsuji, Moriya; Corbett, Alexandra J.; Araújo, Márcio Sobreira Silva; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis; Peruhype-Magalhães, Vanessa; Coelho-dos-Reis, Jordana Grazziela Alves

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.007

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The xMHC class I-like protein is responsible for presenting bacterially-produced vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells, which become activated and go through clonal expansion, memory, and an array of antimicrobial responses. In humans, MAIT cells express high levels of CD161, interleukin-18 receptor, and chemokine receptors, such as CCR6 on their cell surface [19].…”

Section: Hence It Is Currently Not Known Whether and To What Extent Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Permeability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2018

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Changes of intestinal permeability (IP) have been extensively investigated in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease (CD), underpinned by a known unbalance between microbiota, IP and immune responses in the gut. Recently the influence of IP on brain function has greatly been appreciated. Previous works showed an increased IP that preceded experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development and worsened during disease with disruption of TJ. Moreover, studying co-morbidity between Crohn's disease and MS, a report described increased IP in a minority of cases with MS. In a recent work we found that an alteration of IP is a relatively frequent event in relapsing-remitting MS, with a possible genetic influence on the determinants of IP changes (as inferable from data on twins); IP changes included a deficit of the active mechanism of absorption from intestinal lumen. The results led us to hypothesize that gut may contribute to the development of MS, as suggested by another previous work of our group: a population of CD8+CD161high T cells, belonging to the mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a gut- and liver-homing subset, proved to be of relevance for MS pathogenesis. We eventually suggest future lines of research on IP in MS: studies on IP changes in patients under first-line oral drugs may result useful to improve their therapeutic index; correlating IP and microbiota changes, or IP and blood-brain barrier changes may help clarify disease pathogenesis; exploiting the IP data to disclose co-morbidities in MS, especially with CD and IBD, may be important for patient care.

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Section: Hence It Is Currently Not Known Whether and To What Extent Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Permeability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2018

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“…The innate immune constituents have specific nonvariable receptors that allow interactions with a restricted number of targets, either exogenous (“stranger”) and/or endogenous (“danger”) (Matzinger, ). Specialized innate immune populations in addition to microglia/macrophages include dendritic cells, neutrophils, γδ T cells, NK cells and MAIT T cells (Moreira et al, ). The roles of nonimmune cells, namely astrocytes, are increasingly recognized as sources of inflammation‐related molecules, further amplifying the complex and diverse interaction between inflammatory stimuli and brain function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Healy

Yaqubi

Ludwin

et al. 2019

Glia

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Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in neural development and rare genetic disorders (e.g., colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] deficiency). Genome wide association studies suggest a comparable role of the immune system in humans. Although the CNS can be the target of primary autoimmune disorders, no current experimental model captures all of the features of the most common human disorder placed in this category, multiple sclerosis (MS). Such features include spontaneous onset, environmental contributions, and a recurrent/progressive disease course in a genetically predisposed host. Numerous therapeutic interventions related to antigen and cytokine specific therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model used to define principles underlying immune‐mediated mechanisms in MS. Despite the similarities in the two diseases, most treatments used to ameliorate EAE have failed to translate to the human disease. As directly demonstrated in animal models and implicated by correlative studies in humans, adaptive and innate immune constituents within the systemic compartment and resident in the CNS contribute to the disease course of neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders. The expanding knowledge of the molecular properties of glial cells provides increasing insights into species related variables. These variables affect glial bidirectional interactions with the immune system as well as their own production of “immune molecules” that mediate tissue injury and repair.

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“…Approximately, 30% of MR1-restricted TRAV1-2 + cells use TRAV1-2 joined with TRAJ20 or TRAJ12 gene segments ( 5 ). Moreover, subsets of MR1-resticted T cells do not express TRAV1-2, and their features are discussed elsewhere ( 6 ). TRAV1-2–TRAJ33 are mostly paired with TRBV6-6 and TRBV20 ( 1 , 5 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases

2018

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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells restricted by MHC-related molecule 1 (MR1). MAIT cells express semi-invariant T-cell receptors TRAV1-2-TRAJ33/12/20 in humans and TRAV1-TRAJ33 in mice. MAIT cells recognize vitamin B2 biosynthesis derivatives presented by MR1. Similar to other innate lymphocytes, MAIT cells are also activated by cytokines in the absence of exogenous antigens. MAIT cells have the capacity to produce cytokines, such as IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-17, and cytotoxic proteins, including perforin and granzyme B. MAIT cells were originally named after their preferential location in the mucosal tissue of the gut, but they are also abundant in other peripheral organs, including the liver and lungs. In humans, the frequency of MAIT cells is high in peripheral blood, and these cells constitute approximately 5% of circulating CD3+ cells. Their abundance in tissues and rapid activation following stimulation have led to great interest in their function in various types of immune diseases. In this review, first, we will briefly introduce key information of MAIT cell biology required for better understating their roles in immune responses, and then describe how MAIT cells are associated with autoimmune and other immune diseases in humans. Moreover, we will discuss their functions based on information from animal models of autoimmune and immunological diseases.

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MAIT-cells: A tailor-made mate in the ancient battle against infectious diseases?

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Intestinal Permeability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Intestinal Permeability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases

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