Comparison of depression symptoms between primary depression and secondary-to-schizophrenia depression

Rahim, Twana Abdulrahman; Rashid, Roshe

doi:10.1080/13651501.2017.1324036

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is challenging to distinguish between primary negative symptoms, secondary negative symptoms due to depression, and depression without negative symptoms [4,33,35,41]. Depression is an important co-occurring syndrome in schizophrenia, presenting with substantial anhedonia, reduced goaldirected behavior, and social withdrawal, that is, symptoms that are in overlap with negative symptoms [4,35,[228][229][230][231]. However, according to a meta-analysis conducted by Lako and colleagues (2012) [232] and three more recent studies [233][234][235], the differential diagnosis might improve using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia [236], which is considered the best assessment instrument for depressive symptoms in subjects with schizophrenia compared to other scales such as the PANSS, the BPRS, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, as well as the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (Table e8).…”

Section: Recognition Of Secondary Negative Symptoms Due To Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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Background. During the last decades, a renewed interest for negative symptoms (NS) was brought about by the increased awareness that they interfere severely with real-life functioning, particularly when they are primary and persistent. Methods. In this guidance paper, we provide a systematic review of the evidence and elaborate several recommendations for the conceptualization and assessment of NS in clinical trials and practice. Results. Expert consensus and systematic reviews have provided guidance for the optimal assessment of primary and persistent negative symptoms; second-generation rating scales, which provide a better assessment of the experiential domains, are available; however, NS are still poorly assessed both in research and clinical settings. This European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance recommends the use of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) construct in the context of clinical trials and highlights the need for further efforts to make the definition of PNS consistent across studies in order to exclude as much as possible secondary negative symptoms. We also encourage clinicians to use secondgeneration scales, at least to complement first-generation ones. The EPA guidance further recommends the evidence-based exclusion of several items included in first-generation scales from any NS summary or factor score to improve NS measurement in research and clinical settings. Self-rated instruments are suggested to further complement observer-rated scales in NS assessment. Several recommendations are provided for the identification of secondary negative symptoms in clinical settings. Conclusions. The dissemination of this guidance paper may promote the development of national guidelines on negative symptom assessment and ultimately improve the care of people with schizophrenia.

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Section: Recognition Of Secondary Negative Symptoms Due To Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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“…It can also cause physical problems and decrease the person's ability to function in routine activities [7]. The severity of symptoms varies, from feelings of sadness to anxiety or restlessness, loss of interest, sleep disturbances, reduced appetite, and fatigue [8]. Social isolation and distancing can disrupt routines and create fear and anxiety, especially among those with mental health problems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Alhusseini¹,

Sajid²,

Altayeb³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. The Saudi government adopted mandatory home quarantine and curfew hours for all residents, excluding essential service workers. During the lockdown, the public's fear of infection can adversely impact mental health, causing psychological distress. The objective of this research is to assess frequency of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among the general population during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised assessment test (OCI-R) in Arabic and English languages distributed via social media platforms. Chi-square test was used with significance determined at p<0.005. Results: We received a total of 2187 responses. Our results showed that being female, single, and unemployed had a higher frequency of suffering from depression whereas higher income levels and higher education was associated with less depression frequency. Increasing age, males, married individuals, higher income groups, higher levels of education and employed individuals were more likely to have OCD during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic period is associated with significant mental health risks among the Saudi population. The results can provide further scientific support to better understand the impact of quarantine on psychological distress and mental health during emergency and disaster situations.

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“…Epidemiologic evidence showed that the prevalence of depression is high among people with schizophrenia as compared with the general population [5, 6]. The reported prevalence estimates of depression and depressive symptoms among people with schizophrenia range between 7 to 65% depending on the studies [5, 7–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with schizophrenia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study

Fanta¹,

Bekele

Ayano³

2020

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundDepression is common among people with schizophrenia and associated with severe positive and negative symptoms, higher rates of disability, treatment resistance and mortality related to suicide, physical and drug-related causes. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to report the magnitude of depression among people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with schizophrenia.MethodA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 patients with schizophrenia selected by systematic sampling technique. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depression among the study participants. To identify the potential contributing factors, we performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting the model for the potential confounding factors. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) was determined to evaluate the strength of association.ResultThe prevalence estimate of depression among people with schizophrenia was found to be 18.0% [95% confidence interval: 14.50–22.30]. Our multivariable analysis revealed that current substance use (AOR 2.28, 95%CI (1.27, 4.09), suicide attempt (AOR 5.24, 95%CI (2.56, 10.72), duration of illness between 6 and 10 years (AOR 2.09, 95%CI (1.08, 4.04) and poor quality of life (AOR 3.13, 95%CI (1.79, 5.76) were found to be the factors associated with depression among people with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe current study revealed that comorbid depression was high among people with schizophrenia and associated with current substance use, suicide attempt, and long duration of the illness as well as poor quality of life. Attention needs to be given to address comorbid depression among people with schizophrenia.

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Comparison of depression symptoms between primary depression and secondary-to-schizophrenia depression

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

The prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with schizophrenia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study

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