Genomics of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa

Adebamowo, Sally N.; Tekola‐Ayele, Fasil; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Rotimi, Charles N.

doi:10.1159/000468535

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…GWAS are useful tools for identifying genetic contributions towards predisposition to infection, progression to disease, and differential drug metabolism (Adebamowo et al, 2017). GWAS offer an unbiased opportunity to screen the entire genome and pinpoint variants implicated in a given phenotype of interest.…”

Section: A Global Perspective Of Gwas Of Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure and Implications on the Genetic Architecture of HIV-1 Phenotypes Within Southern Africa

Thami

Chimusa

2019

Front. Genet.

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The interesting history of Southern Africa has put the region in the spotlight for population medical genetics. Major events including the Bantu expansion and European colonialism have imprinted unique genetic signatures within autochthonous populations of Southern Africa, this resulting in differential allele frequencies across the region. This genetic structure has potential implications on susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Southern Africa is the region affected worst by HIV. Here, we discuss advances made in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HIV-1 in the past 12 years and dissect population diversity within Southern Africa. Our findings accentuate that a plethora of factors such as migration, language and culture, admixture, and natural selection have profiled the genetics of the people of Southern Africa. Genetic structure has been observed among the Khoe-San, among Bantu speakers, and between the Khoe-San, Coloureds, and Bantu speakers. Moreover, Southern African populations have complex admixture scenarios. Few GWAS of HIV-1 have been conducted in Southern Africa, with only one of these identifying two novel variants (HCG22rs2535307 and CCNG1kgp22385164) significantly associated with HIV-1 acquisition and progression. High genetic diversity, multi-wave genetic mixture and low linkage disequilibrium of Southern African populations constitute a challenge in identifying genetic variants with modest risk or protective effect against HIV-1. We therefore posit that it is compelling to assess genome-wide contribution of ancestry to HIV-1 infection. We further suggest robust methods that can pin-point population-specific variants that may contribute to the control of HIV-1 in Southern Africa.

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Section: A Global Perspective Of Gwas Of Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure and Implications on the Genetic Architecture of HIV-1 Phenotypes Within Southern Africa

Thami

Chimusa

2019

Front. Genet.

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“…Different genes have been involved in the development of AH, including CACANA1H, IPO7, PMS1, SLC24A4, YWHAZ, GPR98, ARRDC3, C21orf, SLC25A42, genes HLA-B, inter alia. Among those involved with T2DM the following have been identified: SLC44A3, F3, RBM43, RND3, GALNTL4, CPA6, LOC729013, and 7-like 2 transcription factor (TCF7L2), with is strongly associated with the development of T2DM in several ethnic groups [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

Vargas‐Uricoechea

Cáceres-Acosta

2018

Open Medicine

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AbstractHigh blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus results in a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The current evidence regarding the impact of intervention on blood pressure levels (in accordance with a specific threshold) is not particularly robust. Blood pressure control is more difficult to achieve in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic patients, and requires using combination therapy in most patients. Different management guidelines recommend initiating pharmacological therapy with values >140/90 mm/Hg; however, an optimal cut point for this population has not been established. Based on the available evidence, it appears that blood pressure targets will probably have to be lower than <140/90mmHg, and that values approaching 130/80mmHg should be recommended. Initial treatment of hypertension in diabetes should include drug classes demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular events; i.e., angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, or dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. The start of therapy must be individualized in accordance with the patient's baseline characteristics, and factors such as associated comorbidities, race, and age, inter alia.

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“…7,8 However, due to the ongoing epidemiological transition in these countries, there is a projection that death due to noncommunicable diseases is estimated to surpass death from infectious diseases in the year 2030. 9,10 Ethiopia is among the countries in the sub-Saharan region that is facing an increasing burden related to noncommunicable diseases. For instance, in previous Ethiopian studies, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) and diabetes among the working population was reported as 14% and 6.5% respectively, while the prevalence of high blood pressure among these populations ranges from 19.6%-30.3%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Epidemiology of General, Central Obesity and Associated Cardio-Metabolic Risks Among University Employees, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Janakiraman¹,

Abebe²,

Chala³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Background: Evidence suggests that middle and low-income countries such as Ethiopia are facing the growing epidemic of both communicable and non-communicable diseases creating a burden on their economy and healthcare system. The increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases is attributed to sedentarism, lifestyle changes, nutritional transition, and the presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore this study was designed to assess the prevalence and association of overweight, obesity, and cardio-metabolic risks and to explore if there was any agreement among the anthropometric measurements among the academic employees of the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the WHO stepwise approach and recommendations on 381 academic staff of the university. In addition, physical measurements such as weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and biochemical measures such as blood pressure and fasting blood glucose level (peripheral blood samples by finger puncture) were measured using standardized tools. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.5 (95% CI: 32.7, 34.2) years. The prevalence of obesity among the study participants calculated by body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was 13.1%, 33.6%, 51.9%, and 58.5% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was 4.7% among which 1.3% was not diagnosed prior to this study. About 53 (13.9%) of the study sample were found to be hypertensive (HTN) (6.3% known versus 29 7.6% newly diagnosed). Among the participants, 39.4% and 23.4% were found to be pre-hypertensive and pre-diabetic respectively. WC was significantly associated with hypertension (AOR = 5.14; 2.503, 9.72), pre-DM (AOR = 4.03; 2.974, 5.96), DM (AOR = 3.29; 1.099, 6.01). In addition, WHtR was significantly associated with Pre-HTN (AOR = 2.69; 1.49, 4.58), HTN (AOR = 2.066; 1.008, 6.31), and DM (AOR = 1.855; 0.76, 4.32). On the contrary, both WHR and general obesity measured by BMI were not significantly associated with pre-HTN, HTN, pre-DM and DM groups. Conclusion: This study results revealed the variable prevalence between general obesity and the anthropometric indices (IDF cutoff) defining central obesity; WC, WHtR, and WHR among the participants. The result of this study suggests that the constructs of central obesity, not BMI has to be used to screen risks of cardio-metabolic risks among Ethiopians.

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Genomics of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 198 publications

Population Structure and Implications on the Genetic Architecture of HIV-1 Phenotypes Within Southern Africa

Population Structure and Implications on the Genetic Architecture of HIV-1 Phenotypes Within Southern Africa

Control of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

<p>Epidemiology of General, Central Obesity and Associated Cardio-Metabolic Risks Among University Employees, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

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