Elevated level of some chemokines in plasma of gastric cancer patients

Abstract

IntroductionGastric cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death. This is mainly due to the lack of good noninvasive method/biomarkers suitable for early-tumour diagnosis and planning of further therapy modalities. Chemokines play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. In gastric cancer patients, clinical relevance of CXCL12 and CCL5 level has been postulated.Aim of the studyEfforts were undertaken to examine whether expanded chemokine range may be relevant for evaluation of preoperative staging of gastric cancer patients.Material and methodsPlasma from 66 gastric cancer patients and 11 healthy controls was obtained, and CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels were determined by flow cytometry FlexSet system.ResultsIn gastric cancer patients’ plasma an increased level of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 was observed. In the case of CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10, the chemokine levels correlated with advanced (III and IV in TNM classification) disease stage. In the case of CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL8, elevated levels were observed in all cancer patients in comparison to healthy donors.ConclusionsThe accuracy of preoperative diagnosis in gastric cancer may include the monitoring of a wide range of chemokines in patients’ plasma. Increased levels of chemokines may warn that the disease is more advanced than conventional diagnostic procedures suggest.

Circulating inflammation‐related markers and advanced gastric premalignant lesions

“…Previous studies of gastric cancer have shown that CCL20 is an important regulator of gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation, and CCL20‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition has been suggested as a mechanism for gastric carcinogenesis and potential target for treatment . A small case–control study did not find an association with levels of CCL3/MIP1A . However, tumor expression of CCR5, a receptor of CCL3/MIP1A, was shown to be an independent indicator of a poor prognosis …”

“…36 A small case-control study did not find an association with levels of CCL3/MIP1A. 37 However, tumor expression of CCR5, a receptor of CCL3/MIP1A, was shown to be an independent indicator of a poor prognosis. 38 A major strength of our study is that both cases and controls were all presumably infected with highly virulent strains of H. pylori, allowing for identification of factors above and beyond the infection itself.…”

Consensus-Expressed CXCL8 and MMP9 Identified by Meta-Analyzed Perineural Invasion Gene Signature in Gastric Cancer Microarray Data

“…In humans, a high expression level in a tumor sample may be associated with poor prognosis as stratified by tumor stage and pathology classification (Eck et al, 2003; Li et al, 2015). Moreover, it is further shown that high levels of CXCL8 in serum are correlated with disease aggressiveness and an unfavorable initial response to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as camptothecin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel (Lee et al, 2007; Baj-Krzyworzeka et al, 2016). All these indicate that CXCL8 can be utilized as a prognostic and predictive cancer biomarker to indicate a more aggressive phenotype.…”

Is the C-C Motif Ligand 2–C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Axis a Promising Target for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis?

“…A study of serum CCL2 in 78 patients with gastric cancer and 30 healthy controls showed that patients with gastric cancer with elevated serum CCL-2 levels were significantly less responsive to chemotherapy [82]. Measuring chemokine levels from the plasma of 66 gastric cancer patients and 11 healthy controls revealed CCL2 levels correlated with advanced gastric cancer stage [83]. In immunohistochemistry of 68 patients with gastric cancer, high CCL2 expression in tumor tissue showed significantly poor prognosis [84].…”