Brain changes in overweight/obese and normal-weight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yoon, Sujung; Cho, Hanbyul; Kim, Jungyoon; Lee, Do Wan; Kim, Geon Ha; Hong, Young Sun; Moon, Sohyeon; Park, Shinwon; Lee, Sunho; Lee, Suji; Bae, Sujin; Simonson, Donald C.; Lyoo, In Kyoon

doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4266-7

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, a decrease in the cortical surface area of the paracentral lobe corresponding to the M1 and primary somatosensory cortex of the lower extremity were reported in humans with type 2 diabetes [ 160 ]. The gray matter of M1 and premotor cortex gets thinner in humans with type 2 diabetes [ 161 , 162 ]. Most MRI studies indicate atrophy of motor-related areas; however, they did not describe it in detail because most of these studies focused on the relationship between cognitive function and alteration of gray and white matter volume in humans with diabetes [ 160 , 162 , 163 , 164 ].…”

Section: Alteration Of Corticomotoneuronal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gray matter of M1 and premotor cortex gets thinner in humans with type 2 diabetes [ 161 , 162 ]. Most MRI studies indicate atrophy of motor-related areas; however, they did not describe it in detail because most of these studies focused on the relationship between cognitive function and alteration of gray and white matter volume in humans with diabetes [ 160 , 162 , 163 , 164 ]. In an experimental study, 8 -week STZ-induced diabetic rats showed degenerative changes in neurons and glia of the cerebral cortex with perivascular and mitochondrial swelling; however, these alterations predominantly occurred in axons and myelin [ 165 ].…”

Section: Alteration Of Corticomotoneuronal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System

Muramatsu

2020

IJMS

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Although motor deficits in humans with diabetic neuropathy have been extensively researched, its effect on the motor system is thought to be lesser than that on the sensory system. Therefore, motor deficits are considered to be only due to sensory and muscle impairment. However, recent clinical and experimental studies have revealed that the brain and spinal cord, which are involved in the motor control of voluntary movement, are also affected by diabetes. This review focuses on the most important systems for voluntary motor control, mainly the cortico-muscular pathways, such as corticospinal tract and spinal motor neuron abnormalities. Specifically, axonal damage characterized by the proximodistal phenotype occurs in the corticospinal tract and motor neurons with long axons, and the transmission of motor commands from the brain to the muscles is impaired. These findings provide a new perspective to explain motor deficits in humans with diabetes. Finally, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies for these disorders are presented.

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Section: Alteration Of Corticomotoneuronal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration Of Corticomotoneuronal Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System

Muramatsu

2020

IJMS

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“…18 It was also found that when type 2 diabetes is coupled with obesity cortical atrophy is more severe, when compared with normal weight diabetic controls. 19 The individual components of MetS were reported as factors for brain atrophic changes. Kaur et al found reduced cortical thickness in the caudal frontal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Correlates with Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters in Middle Aged Bulgarian Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study

et al. 2018

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Background: There is a dose-dependent relationship between chronically increased cortisol levels and the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. Both cortisol and MetS are linked to various brain abnormalities. Aim: To investigate an association of MetS components and salivary cortisol levels with cortical thickness in middle-aged Bulgarian patients with MetS. Materials and methods: We examined 26 healthy volunteers (mean age 50, 16±3.1 yrs) divided into two groups depending on whether or not they were diagnosed with MetS. Salivary cortisol was sampled and tested at two time points -morning and evening. Cortical thickness measures were obtained from structural T1-images using FreeSurfer software. We performed vertex-wise analysis across entire cortex and for preselected brain regions in frontal, temporal and cingulate cortex partial correlation analysis, accounting for gender. Results: The control group consisted of 12 women; in the MetS group there were 6 men and 8 women. The whole brain analysis showed that waist circumference (WC) was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in rostro-lateral area in left frontal lobe and the right lateral orbito-frontal cortex. Morning cortisol levels, accounting for sex and WC, correlated negatively with thickness in left superior temporal area (r = −0.477, p = 0.039) and entorhinal area (r = −0.465, p = 0.045) and left mediotemporal cortex (r = −0.477, p = 0.038). Conclusion: Our pilot study confirmed that WC is associated with brain atrophic changes mainly in the frontal lobe. Our finding that cortisol levels negatively correlate with thinning of the cortex in temporal lobe should be further explored in subsequent study.

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“…However, VF was more closely related to the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and could lead to an increased risk of dementia [15]. Even in patients with early T2DM, being overweight or obese was reported to potentially lead to atrophy of the cerebral cortex, destruction of brain white matter integrity, and cognitive dysfunction [16]. Therefore, a combination of obesity and T2DM poses a serious health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of beinaglutide on visceral fat and bodyweight in obese type 2 diabetic patients

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Arch Med Sci

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Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues could induce clinically significant weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Beinaglutide is a GLP-1 analogue that is fully homologous to human GLP-1. This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of beinaglutide in visceral fat, weight loss and blood glucose in patients with T2DM and obesity. Material and methods: One hundred and seven obese patients with T2DM, according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) diagnostic criteria, were treated with beinaglutide. After 12 weeks, changes in visceral fat (VF) were analysed using DUALSCAN. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c), free fatty acids, and blood pressure were also assessed after the 12-week treatment. Results: The baselines for BMI and VF areas were 32.8 ±5.2 kg/m 2 and 150.4 ±36.2 cm 2 , respectively. The mean HbA 1c level at baseline was 8.8 ±2.3%. After 12 weeks, beinaglutide treatment showed significant decreases in VF areas (150.4 ±36.2 cm 2 vs. 115.2 ±36.8 cm 2 , p < 0.001), body weight (90.7 ±15.8 kg vs. 84.2 ±15.6 kg, p < 0.001), HbA 1c (8.8 ±2.3% vs. 7.1 ±1.7%, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (5.8 ±4.3 vs. 4.2 ±2.9, p < 0.001). No changes in free fatty acids were observed. Daily doses of beinaglutide varied widely, and 74% of patients ranged from 0.24 mg to 0.30 mg each day, but the appropriate dosage significantly reduced adverse effects. Conclusions: Beinaglutide effectively reduced VF, body weight, and blood glucose in obese patients with T2DM. Beinaglutide doses should be individualised because appropriate doses varied widely. A lack of GLP-1 might be responsible for the onset of obesity in patients with T2DM. T2DM and obesity are related not only to insulin deficiency/insulin resistance but also to GLP-1 deficiency, which may cause obesity in patients with T2DM.

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Brain changes in overweight/obese and normal-weight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System

Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System

Cortisol Correlates with Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters in Middle Aged Bulgarian Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study

The effect of beinaglutide on visceral fat and bodyweight in obese type 2 diabetic patients

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