Detection of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in non‐human primates

Fechner, Kim; Mätz‐Rensing, Kerstin; Lampe, Karen; Kaup, Franz‐Josef; Czerny, Claus-Peter; Schafer, James A.

doi:10.1111/jmp.12270

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To address some of these issues, smaller primates, such as common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), are considered more suitable as a NHP model for SCI with relatively smaller body size (length 20-35 cm; weight 200-600 g), shorter developmental period (18 months), better reproductive output (1-2 offspring), and shorter interbirth intervals (6 months; see Table 1) [22]. However, both M. fascicularis and C. jacchus carry and can transmit serious zoonotic diseases, including hepatitis B [23], herpes virus [24,25], and tuberculosis [26,27]. Furthermore, high maintenance costs can limit their widespread application as animal models for central nervous system trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Translational Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Nonhuman Primate

et al. 2018

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Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to major disabilities affecting > 2.5 million people worldwide. Major shortcomings in clinical translation result from multiple factors, including species differences, development of moderately predictive animal models, and differences in methodologies between preclinical and clinical studies. To overcome these obstacles, we first conducted a comparative neuroanatomical analysis of the spinal cord between mice, Microcebus murinus (a nonhuman primate), and humans. Next, we developed and characterized a new model of lateral spinal cord hemisection in M. murinus. Over a 3-month period after SCI, we carried out a detailed, longitudinal, behavioral follow-up associated with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (H-MRI) monitoring. Then, we compared lesion extension and tissue alteration using 3 methods: in vivo H-MRI, ex vivoH-MRI, and classical histology. The general organization and glial cell distribution/morphology in the spinal cord of M. murinus closely resembles that of humans. Animals assessed at different stages following lateral hemisection of the spinal cord presented specific motor deficits and spinal cord tissue alterations. We also found a close correlation between H-MRI signal and microglia reactivity and/or associated post-trauma phenomena. Spinal cord hemisection in M. murinus provides a reliable new nonhuman primate model that can be used to promote translational research on SCI and represents a novel and more affordable alternative to larger primates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Translational Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Nonhuman Primate

et al. 2018

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“…The diasease was also found to sporadically exist in wild ruminants [2]. MAP was also identified – but without showing clinical signs – in a wide range of hosts such as non-human primates [3], non-ruminant wildlife [4], dogs [5], feral cats [6], rabbits [7], parrots [8] and bears [9]. Over a century, a possible role for MAP in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s diseases (CD), a chronic debilitating gastroenteritis affecting humans has been debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genotyping methods and molecular epidemiology ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP)

Fawzy

Zschöck²,

Ewers

et al. 2018

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD) which affects mainly ruminants and is characterized by chronic diarrhea and emaciation. Johne’s disease is highly prevalent in many countries around the world and leads to high economic losses associated with decreased production. Genotyping of the involved pathogen could be used in the study of population genetics, pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology including disease surveillance and outbreak investigation. Principally, researchers have first assumed the presence of two different MAP strains that are associated with the animal host species (cattle and sheep). However, nowadays MAP characterization depends mainly upon genetic testing using genetic markers such as insertion elements, repetitive sequences and single nucleotide polymorphisms. This work aims to provide an overview of the advances in molecular biological tools used for MAP typing in the last two decades, discuss how these methods have been used to address interesting epidemiological questions, and explore the future prospects of MAP molecular epidemiology given the ever decreasing costs of the high throughput sequencing technology.

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“…Fechner et al (140) assumed asymptomatic infection after detection of MAP DNA by semi-nested and real-time IS900 PCR in the ileum of a cotton-top tamarin in a German zoological garden and in the bone marrow of a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in a German primate center. However, MAP detection by cultivation failed.…”

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process

et al. 2020

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MAP can also infect non-ruminant animal species with less specific signs. Zoological gardens harbor various populations of diverse animal species, which are managed on limited space at higher than natural densities. Hence, they are predisposed to endemic trans-species pathogen distribution. Information about the incidence and prevalence of MAP infections in zoological gardens and the resulting potential threat to exotic and endangered species are rare. Due to unclear pathogenesis, chronicity of disease as well as the unknown cross-species accuracy of diagnostic tests, diagnosis and surveillance of MAP and ParaTB is challenging. Differentiation between uninfected shedders of ingested bacteria; subclinically infected individuals; and preclinically diseased animals, which may subsequently develop clinical signs after long incubation periods, is crucial for the interpretation of positive test results in animals and the resulting consequences in their management. This review summarizes published data from the current literature on occurrence of MAP infection and disease in susceptible and affected zoo animal species as well as the applied diagnostic methods and measures. Clinical signs indicative for ParaTB, pathological findings and reports on detection, transmission and epidemiology in zoo animals are included. Furthermore, case reports were re-evaluated for incorporation into accepted consistent terminologies and case definitions.

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Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non‐human primates

Abstract: MAP was detected for the first time in a common marmoset. But as both NHP suffered from other diseases, an asymptomatic infection with MAP was assumed. The detection of MAP in the bone marrow might play a role in establishing latent paratuberculosis, as known from tuberculosis.

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

A Novel Translational Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Nonhuman Primate

A Novel Translational Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Nonhuman Primate

Genotyping methods and molecular epidemiology ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP)

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process

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