Long-term nitrite inhalant exposure and cancer risk in MSM

Abstract

Objectives:Nitrite inhalants (poppers) are commonly used recreational drugs among MSM and were previously associated with elevated rates of high-risk sexual behavior, HIV and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) seroconversion, and transient immunosuppressive effects in experimental models. Whether long-term popper use is associated with cancer risk among MSM in the HAART era is unclear.Design:Prospective cohort study of cancer risk in 3223 HIV-infected and uninfected MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1996–2010.Methods:Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between heavy popper use (defined as daily or weekly use for at least 1 year) and risk of individual cancers or composite category of virus-associated cancers.Results:Among all participants, heavy popper use was not associated with increased risk of any individual cancers. Among HIV-uninfected men aged 50–70, heavy popper use was associated with increased risk of virus-associated cancer with causes linked to human papillomavirus, HHV-8, and Epstein–Barr virus in models adjusted for demographics, number of sexual partners, immunological parameters (CD4+ cell counts or CD4+/CD8+ ratios), and hepatitis B and C viruses [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.24, 1.05–9.96], or sexually transmitted infections (IRR 3.03, 95% CI, 1.01–9.09), as was cumulative use over a 5-year period (IRR 1.012, 95% CI 1.003–1.021; P = 0.007). There was no significant association between heavy popper use and virus-associated cancer in HIV-infected men.Conclusions:Long-term heavy popper use is associated with elevated risk of some virus-associated cancers with causes related to human papillomavirus, HHV-8, and Epstein–Barr virus infections in older HIV-uninfected MSM independent of sexual behavior and immunological parameters.

Prevalence and development of a risk score for oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men in Mexico

“…literature reports marijuana use in the last 6 months as a predictor of a higher incidence of oral hrHPV in MSM. 25,26 However, we found that marijuana use was highly correlated with recent use of poppers, as previously reported in other groups of MSM, 27 and both marijuana and poppers have plausible biological mechanisms that could lead to an increased HPV infection. 22,28 Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the causal relationship of both factors.…”

Consumo sexualizado de drogas entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres residentes en España

“…Se ha descrito que las sustancias para mejorar el rendimiento sexual son usadas con frecuencia entre los HSH en Europa (Daskalopoulou et al, 2014;Hibbert et al, 2019;Rosinska et al, 2018) pero hasta la fecha desconocíamos si consumirlas solas, sin otras drogas, también podría asociarse con prácticas sexuales de riesgo y la adquisición de una ITS, como parece ser el caso en nuestro estudio. Por tanto, nuestros resultados son coherentes con otros estudios de cohorte realizados en los Estados Unidos que presentan fuertes asociaciones entre el consumo de nitrito de amilo y de medicamentos para la disfunción eréctil con un mayor riesgo de relaciones anales desprotegidas y tasas más elevadas de seroconversión entre aquellos usuarios de estas sustancias (Dutta et al, 2017;Swartz y McCarty-Caplan, 2018). El siguiente patrón en la «escalera de riesgo» fue el que incluía las llamadas «drogas recreativas».…”

Effect of Marijuana Smoking on Pulmonary Disease in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

“…The sample size allowed for stricter control of tobacco smoking with large numbers of participants in stratified analyses (150 and 111 HIV+ and HIV− participants with ≥ 1 year of marijuana smoking and no tobacco smoking, respectively), which may in part explain the lack of association between marijuana smoking and pulmonary disease among HIV− individuals found here compared to previous studies. Injection drug use is a possible risk factor for lung disease among HIV-infected persons, and polydrug use is common in HIV-infected individuals [11], [21], and we therefore excluded heavy cocaine and heroin users from our analysis to reduce the potential for competing risks from multiple inhaled or injected substances.…”

“…Incident pulmonary diagnoses were obtained from self-report, and abstracted medical record, cancer, and death registry data as described [18], [21], [22]. Participants were asked if, since their most recent visit, they were newly diagnosed with viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, other pneumonia, or tuberculosis, or if newly diagnosed with or experienced recurring chronic bronchitis.…”