Feline leprosy due to <i>Candidatus</i> ‘Mycobacterium tarwinense’: Further clinical and molecular characterisation of 15 previously reported cases and an additional 27 cases

O'Brien, Carolyn; Malík, Richard; Globan, Maria; Reppas, George; McCowan, Christina; Fyfe, Janet

doi:10.1177/1098612x17706467

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Differenzialdiagnostisch kommen als Erreger der beschriebenen Hautveränderungen M. visibile, M. lepraefelis und M. tarwinense in Betracht (25), ebenso die Erreger aus der Gruppe der atypischen, nichttuberkulösen Mykobakterien und der Tuberkulose (8,18). Aufgrund der Zoonosegefahr einiger dieser Mykobakterien (8,18) sowie für Therapie und Prognose ist eine Erregerspezifizierung unabdingbar (18).…”

Section: Therapie Und Verlaufunclassified

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Feline Lepra bei einem 5 Monate alten Kater in Deutschland

Krug¹,

Himstedt²,

Dorn³

et al. 2018

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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ZusammenfassungEin 5 Monate alter, 4 kg schwerer Europäisch-Kurzhaar-Kater wurde mit ulzerierten kutanen Knoten vorgestellt, die in mehreren Arealen über den gesamten Körper verteilt waren. Die serologische Untersuchung auf das feline Immunschwächevirus und das feline Leukämievirus ergab negative Befunde. Anhand des histologischen Nachweises von säurefesten Stäbchen in drei Hautbioptaten wurde die Diagnose Mykobakteriose der Haut gestellt. Mithilfe der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion ließ sich Mycobacterium lepraemurium identifizieren. Der Kater wurde nach der operativen Entfernung aller Hautknoten und einer 14,5 Wochen andauernden Therapie mit Rifampicin und Clarithromycin als geheilt eingestuft. Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 1 Jahr nach Therapieende entwickelte sich kein Rezidiv.

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Section: Therapie Und Verlaufunclassified

“…Eine Diagnosestellung mittels Kultur ist möglich (8). In aktuellen Studien waren jedoch alle Isolationsversuche bei Mykobakterien (M. lepraemurium, M. lepraefelis und M. tarwinense) erfolglos und die Erregerspezifizierung wurde mittels PCR durchgeführt (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Therapie Und Verlaufunclassified

Feline Lepra bei einem 5 Monate alten Kater in Deutschland

Krug¹,

Himstedt²,

Dorn³

et al. 2018

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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“…1,2 It has been demonstrated that approximately 1% of all feline biopsies submitted for histopathological analysis show changes consistent with mycobacteriosis (pyo/granulomatous inflammation dominated by epithelioid macrophages) and at least one-third of these have demonstrable Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-positive organisms when stained, with a thin rodlike appearance, indicative of mycobacteria; these are also referred to as acid-or alcohol-fast bacilli (AFB). [3][4][5] Clinically, about a third of feline mycobacteriosis cases in the UK are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens, with Mycobacterium microti being cultured from 19% of all cases of feline mycobacteriosis, and a further 15% caused by Mycobacterium bovis. 6,7 There is a strong geographical predisposition to feline infections with members of the MTBC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis due toMycobacterium bovisin pet cats associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet

O’Halloran

Ioannidi²,

Reed³

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect cats and has proven zoonotic risks for owners. Infected cats typically present with a history of outdoor lifestyle and hunting behaviour, and cutaneous granulomas are most commonly observed. The aim of this study is to describe an outbreak of tuberculous disease commencing with six young cats, living exclusively indoors in five different households across England, being presented to separate veterinarians across the UK with a variety of clinical signs. Methods Investigations into the pyogranulomatous lesions, lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary disease of these cases consistently identified infection with M bovis. Infection was confirmed by PCR, where possible, or was indicated with a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), where material for PCR was unavailable. Incontact, cohabiting cats were screened by IGRA and follow-up testing was undertaken/advised where results were positive. A lifestyle investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection. Results Six clinically sick cats and seven in-contact cats were identified with evidence of M bovis infection. Five clinical cases were either too sick to treat or deteriorated despite therapy, giving a mortality rate of 83%. Lifestyle investigations revealed the common factors between clusters to be that affected cats had mycobacterial infections speciated to M bovis, were exclusively indoor cats and were fed a commercially available raw food product produced by a single manufacturer. The Food Standards Agency, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Public Health England and the food manufacturer concerned have been notified/informed. Other possible sources of exposure for these cats to M bovis were explored and were excluded, including wildlife contact, access to raw milk, the presence of rodent populations inside the buildings in which the cats lived and exposure to known infectious humans. Conclusions and relevance Upon investigations, our results provide compelling, if circumstantial, evidence of an association between the commercial raw diet of these cats and their M bovis infections.

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“…Historically, the significance of this disease has resulted in extensive biomedical research interest and, due to the growing threat of drug resistance, TB is a major focus of collaborative global healthcare investment 4 – 8 . Meanwhile, TB in domestic cats receives relatively little research attention, despite being more common and clinically significant than previously thought 9 – 11 . In the UK, approximately 1% of all feline biopsies submitted for routine histopathological analysis show changes consistent with mycobacteriosis and a third of these contain Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) positive organisms when stained, with morphology indicative of the presence of mycobacteria 10 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various mycobacterial species that have been identified in companion animals, including cats, can be grouped into the same two major categories as human mycobacterial disease; those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis- complex (MTBC) and the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM, also referred to as ‘atypical mycobacteria’ or ‘mycobacteria other than tuberculosis’, MOTT) 11 , 13 – 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine and Chemokine Concentrations as Biomarkers of Feline Mycobacteriosis

O’Halloran

McCulloch

Rentoul

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Mycobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease of domestic cats and timely, accurate diagnosis is currently challenging. To identify differential cytokine/chemokine concentrations in serum/plasma of cats, which could be diagnostic biomarkers of infection we analysed plasma/serum from 116 mycobacteria-infected cats, 16 healthy controls and six cats hospitalised for unrelated reasons was analysed using the Milliplex MAP Feline Cytokine Magnetic Bead multiplex assay. Three cytokines; sFAS, IL-13 and IL-4 were reduced while seven; GM-CSF, IL-2, PDGF-BB, IL-8, KC, RANTES and TNF-α were elevated in mycobacteria-infected cats compared to healthy controls. However, IL-8 and KC concentrations were not significantly different from cats hospitalised for other reasons. Elevations in TNF-α and PDGF-BB may have potential to identify M. bovis and M. microti infected cats specifically while GM-CSF, IL-2 and FLT3L were increased in MTBC infected cats. This study demonstrates potential use of feline tuberculosis as a spontaneously occurring model of this significant human disease. Cytokine profiling has clear diagnostic potential for mycobacteriosis of cats and could be used discriminate tuberculous from non-tuberculous disease to rapidly inform on zoonotic risk. Future work should focus on the in-field utility of these findings to establish diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these markers.

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Feline leprosy due to Candidatus ‘Mycobacterium tarwinense’: Further clinical and molecular characterisation of 15 previously reported cases and an additional 27 cases

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Feline Lepra bei einem 5 Monate alten Kater in Deutschland

Feline Lepra bei einem 5 Monate alten Kater in Deutschland

Tuberculosis due toMycobacterium bovisin pet cats associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet

Cytokine and Chemokine Concentrations as Biomarkers of Feline Mycobacteriosis

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