Antibiotic treatment of zebrafish mycobacteriosis: tolerance and efficacy of treatments with tigecycline and clarithromycin

Chang, Carolyn T.; Doerr, Kristen M.; Whipps, Christopher M.

doi:10.1111/jfd.12619

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…in guppies ( Lebistes reticulatus ) [ 42 , 128 ]. Similarly, tigecycline and clarithromycin are efficacious to treat M. chelonae in zebrafish, and while these drugs may not totally eliminate the pathogen, they can reduce the severity of the disease [ 129 ].…”

Section: Treatment and Control Of Mycobacteriosis In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

2020

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The Mycobacteriaceae constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic worldwide and have been associated with infections in a large number of organisms, including humans and other mammals and reptiles, as well as fish. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding this group of pathogens in fish. There, four species are most commonly associated with disease outbreaks: Mycobacterium marinum, the most common of these fish mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, and Mycobacterium chelonae. These bacteria have a broad host range: they are zoonotic, and infections have been reported in a large number of fish species. The main route of entry of the bacterium into the fish is through the gastrointestinal route, and the disease is associated with ulcerative dermatitis as well as organomegaly and the development of granulomatous lesions in the internal organs. Mycobacteriaceae are slow-growing and fastidious and isolation is difficult and time consuming and diagnostic is mostly performed using serological and molecular tools. Control of the disease is also difficult: there is currently no effective vaccine and infections react poorly to antibiotherapy. For this reason, more research is needed on the subject of these vexing pathogens.

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Section: Treatment and Control Of Mycobacteriosis In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

2020

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“…isolates have shown resistance to chemical disinfection [29]. On the other hand, while several antibiotics (rifampicin, streptomycin, erythromycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, tigecycline, and clarithromycin) are utilized to treat mycobacteriosis in aquaculture [26,43,44], the bacterium is not very responsive to treatment and require prolonged medication [29]. Moreover, antibiotic resistant isolates have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renibacterium salmoninarum and Mycobacterium spp.: two bacterial pathogens present at low levels in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations in Austrian rivers

et al. 2020

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Background: Renibacterium salmoninarum and Mycobacterium sp. are important bacterial pathogens of fish. R. salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, a Gram-positive bacterium mostly known for causing chronic infections in salmonid fish, while multiple species belonging to the Mycobacterium genus have been associated with mycobacteriosis in fish as well as in human. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these two bacterial pathogens in populations of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in four rivers (Kamp, Wulka, Traun and Ybbs) in Austria. Results: A total of 457 kidney samples were examined for both bacterial agents using nested and conventional PCR as well as bacterial cultivation on KDM-2, histological examination and immunohistochemistry. Molecular evidence showed an estimated prevalence level of 0.94% for R. salmoninarum in 2017 while the bacterium could not be detected in 2018 and histology showed signs consistent with a low-level chronic inflammation in the kidney of infected fish. Similarly, no fish were found positive for Mycobacterium in 2017 but in 2018, the prevalence was found to be 37.03% in the Kamp river (4.08% across all rivers). The sequencing data confirmed that these fish carried Mycobacterium sp. although the precise species of Mycobacterium could not be ascertained. Conclusions: This survey constitutes the first insight into the prevalence rate of R. salmoninarum and Mycobacterium sp. in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations in Austria. Both of these pathogens were only detected in the summer months (June and July), which might suggest that the stress linked to increased water temperature could act as stressor factor and contribute to the outbreak of these diseases. The age of the fish might also play a role, especially in the case of Mycobacterium sp. as all the infected fish were in their first summer (June).

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“…Even if routine quarantine treatment is the chosen option, the efficacy of such medication 32 33 34 35 36 can be assessed with the breeding device sludge analysis. More generally, the environmental screening could be used to test compounds against bacteria and parasite eradication, including in the fish biotope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Screening of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Zebrafish Systems

Mocho

Martin

Millington

et al. 2017

JoVE

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Health monitoring systems are developed and used in zebrafish research facilities because pathogens of Danio rerio such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa have the potential to impair animal welfare and research. The fish are typically analyzed post mortem to detect microbes. The use of sentinels is a suggested way to improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and to reduce the number of animals to sample. The setting of a pre-filtration sentinel tank out of a recirculating system is described. The technique is developed to prevent water pollution and to represent the fish population by a careful selection of age, gender, and strains. In order to use the minimum number of animals, techniques to screen the environment are also detailed. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on surface sump swabs is used to significantly improve the detection of some prevalent and pathogenic mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Mycobacterium chelonae. Another environmental method consists of processing the sludge at the bottom of a holding tank or sump to look for P. tomentosa eggs. This is a cheap and fast technique that can be applied in quarantine where a breeding device is submerged into the holding tank of imported animals. Finally, PCR is applied to the sludge sample and A. hydrophila is detected at the sump's bottom and surface. Generally, these environmental screening techniques applied to these specific pathogens have led to an increased sensitivity compared to the testing of pre-filtration sentinels.

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Antibiotic treatment of zebrafish mycobacteriosis: tolerance and efficacy of treatments with tigecycline and clarithromycin

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

Renibacterium salmoninarum and Mycobacterium spp.: two bacterial pathogens present at low levels in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations in Austrian rivers

Environmental Screening of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em> spp., and <em>Pseudocapillaria tomentosa</em> in Zebrafish Systems

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