Phylogenetic analysis and survey of Apis cerana strain of Sacbrood virus (AcSBV) in Taiwan suggests a recent introduction

Huang, Wei‐Fone; Mehmood, Shahid; Huang, Shaokang; Chen, Yuewen; Ko, Chong-Yu; Su, Songkun

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2017.04.001

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Sacbrood virus (SBV) is a common virus belonging to the genus Iflavirus and causes failure to pupate and subsequent death in Apis mellifera [1][2][3]. It was the first identified iflavirus in European honey bees and a strain has evolved that also infects Asian honey bees, Apis cerana [4,5]. The A. cerana strain (Ac-SBV) shares more than 97% similarity with A. mellifera SBV isolates and causes more losses in A. cerana colonies than SBV in A. mellifera [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Sacbrood Virus of Honey Bees via Transformation and Coupling with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

Jin

Mehmood

Zhang

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Sacbrood virus (SBV) of honey bees is a picornavirus in the genus Iflavirus. Given its relatively small and simple genome structure, single positive-strand RNA with only one ORF, cloning the full genomic sequence is not difficult. However, adding nonsynonymous mutations to the bee iflavirus clone is difficult because of the lack of information about the viral protein processes. Furthermore, the addition of a reporter gene to the clones has never been accomplished. In preliminary trials, we found that the site between 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and poly(A) can retain added sequences. We added enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression at this site, creating a SBV clone with an expression tag that does not affect virus genes. An intergenic region internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was inserted to initiate EGFP expression. The SBV-IRES-EGFP clone successfully infected Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, and in A. cerana larvae, it was isolated and passaged using oral inoculation. The inoculated larvae had higher mortality and the dead larvae showed sacbrood symptoms. The added IRES-EGFP remained in the clone through multiple passages and expressed the expected EGFP in all infected bees. We demonstrated the ability to add gene sequences in the site between 3′-UTR and poly(A) in SBV and the potential to do so in other bee iflaviruses; however, further investigations of the mechanisms are needed. A clone with a desired protein expression reporter will be a valuable tool in bee virus studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Sacbrood Virus of Honey Bees via Transformation and Coupling with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

Jin

Mehmood

Zhang

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…AcSBV has recently been recorded in Taiwan and caused serious losses of A. cerana from 2015 to 2019 [33][34][35]. In Taiwan, most A. cerana populations are reared in Northern Taiwan, and according to our observations, some of these apiaries are crossbreeding with A. mellifera populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, A. cerana contributes to the pollination of mountainous orchards, including plums and peaches, etc., which are counted for 1.3% of Taiwan agricultural production [33]. Since AcSBV was first detected in Taiwan in 2015, many beekeepers in Taiwan have reported significant A. cerana larval death with symptoms caused by AcSBV in A. cerana colonies [34,35]. The virus was found to have spread from southern Taiwan to northern and then eastern Taiwan in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Sequencing and Comparison of Sacbrood Viruses from Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Taiwan

Chang

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Sacbrood virus (SBV) was the first identified bee virus and shown to cause serious epizootic infections in the population of Apis cerana in Taiwan in 2015. Herein, the whole genome sequences of SBVs in A. cerana and A. mellifera were decoded and designated AcSBV-TW and AmSBV-TW, respectively. The whole genomes of AcSBV-TW and AmSBV-TW were 8776 and 8885 bp, respectively, and shared 90% identity. Each viral genome encoded a polyprotein, which consisted of 2841 aa in AcSBV-TW and 2859 aa in AmSBV-TW, and these sequences shared 95% identity. Compared to 54 other SBVs, the structural protein and protease regions showed high variation, while the helicase was the most highly conserved region among SBVs. Moreover, a 17-amino-acid deletion was found in viral protein 1 (VP1) region of AcSBV-TW compared to AmSBV-TW. The phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein sequences and partial VP1 region indicated that AcSBV-TW was grouped into the SBV clade with the AC-genotype (17-aa deletion) and was closely related to AmSBV-SDLY and CSBV-FZ, while AmSBV-TW was grouped into the AM-genotype clade but branched independently from other AmSBVs, indicating that the divergent genomic characteristics of AmSBV-TW might be a consequence of geographic distance driving evolution, and AcSBV-TW was closely related to CSBV-FZ, which originated from China. This 17-amino-acid deletion could be found in either AcSBV or AmSBV in Taiwan, indicating cross-infection between the two viruses. Our data revealed geographic and host specificities between SBVs. The amino acid difference in the VP1 region might serve as a molecular marker for describing SBV cross-infection.

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“…China has more than 2 million A . c. cerana colonies, but recently, the number of colonies is declining because of the presence of bee viruses, along with some other threatening factors (Huang et al., ; Shan et al., ; Shi et al., ; Wang et al., ). The devastation of bees by viruses of the native honeybee ( A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, in recent years, DWV, IAPV, and BQCV have also created a major problem in the beekeeping industry (Ward et al, 2007). China has more than 2 million A. c. cerana colonies, but recently, the number of colonies is declining because of the presence of bee viruses, along with some other threatening factors (Huang et al, 2017;Shan et al, 2017;Shi et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2012). The devastation of bees by viruses of the native honeybee (A. c. cerana), which are widely maintained in southern China, causes colony losses, and most of the studies focus on the European honeybee (Ai et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bee viruses in Apis cerana cerana populations from different locations in the Fujian Province of China

Hassanyar

Huang

et al. 2019

MicrobiologyOpen

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Prevalence of honeybee viral diseases has recently been causing major problems in the beekeeping industry, causing economic losses worldwide. Honeybees are susceptible to a variety of diseases and various pathogens. Among these pathogens, prevalence viruses, along with other factors, are seriously threatening the health of bee species. In the present study, samples were collected from 80 Apis cerana cerana (A. c. cerana) colonies from three different locations, Cangshan, Fuan, and Yongtai, in the Fujian Province of China. All samples were screened using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method for detection of seven honeybee viruses, namely, Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), and Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Our results showed that CSBV was the most prevalent as it was detected in (90%), of the samples, DWV was detected in (81.25%), and IAPV was detected in (26.25%). In contrast, insignificant prevalence results were obtained from all apiaries for BQCV, CBPV, APBV, and KBV, which were not detected in any sample. Here, we are providing the first report on the molecular detection of honeybee viruses, especially the prevalence of IAPV, from different regions in the Fujian Province of China with a high prevalence of bee viruses, on A. c. cerana, and there is great concern for the presence of honeybee viruses in the population of the native honeybee (A. c. cerana) in China.

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Phylogenetic analysis and survey of Apis cerana strain of Sacbrood virus (AcSBV) in Taiwan suggests a recent introduction

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Visualizing Sacbrood Virus of Honey Bees via Transformation and Coupling with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

Visualizing Sacbrood Virus of Honey Bees via Transformation and Coupling with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

Genomic Sequencing and Comparison of Sacbrood Viruses from Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Taiwan

Prevalence of bee viruses in Apis cerana cerana populations from different locations in the Fujian Province of China

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