Determination of factors affecting the vaccination status of children aged 12–35 months in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Abstract

Vaccines are one of the most important achievements in public health, and a major contributor to this success is the Expanded Programme on Immunization. The utilisation of vaccination services and completion of the recommended schedule are determined by numerous factors. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), the overall immunisation coverage has been improving. However, notwithstanding the improvement in immunisation coverage and the supplementary immunisation activities, there have been measles, diphtheria, and polio outbreaks in the country. The recent multicounty study of household health surveys revealed that the within-country economic-related inequality in the delivery of a vaccine was still high in Lao PDR.Our previous work evaluated the factors associated with vaccination status among the children aged 5–9 years old, which was older age group for this type of study. This study evaluated factors that affect vaccination status among children aged between 12 and 35 months. It is a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study that used data obtained through multistage cluster sampling. We found that the proportion of infants who were fully immunised was lower than the national target and that “maternal ethnicity” (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.60), “paternal education” (OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.12–3.10), and “source of information about vaccination date by medical staff” (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01–2.71) were significantly associated with the children’s vaccination status. Numerous factors are associated with the completion of the recommended vaccine schedule, and some factors are location-specific. Identification of these factors should lead to actions for facilitating the optimal use of vaccination services by all the children in Lao PDR.

Determinants and perceptions of the utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among reproductive-age women in Dukem Town, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…Similar to the other studies [ 38 ], our analysis confirmed that knowing vaccination dates increased the odds of TT immunization utilization. A possible suggestion could be the number of contacts between care providers and client mothers.…”

“…In this study, we found that mothers who gave birth at health facilities were highly likely to use TT immunization compared to those who gave birth at home. Other studies also verified this association [ 24 , 29 , 30 , 35 , 38 ]. The possible reason might be because of the opportunity for health education and advice when women deliver at health facilities.…”

“…The odds of TT immunization status were more likely to increase among employed mothers compared to non-employed ones. A number of studies demonstrated that TT immunization utilization depended on mothers’ occupational status [ 23 , 27 , 38 , 39 ]. Our finding also corroborated these reports.…”

Factors associated with non- and under-vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Malawi. A multinomial analysis of the population-based sample

“…For example, at the individual level, studies have reported that the sex of the child, birth order, and age have influence on vaccination status. 20,21 At the household level, paternal education, 22,23 maternal characteristics, 22 household income, 22 healthcare utilization, 24 distance to healthcare facilities, 25 religion, 22 and source of information 23 were significantly associated with the children's vaccination status. At the community level, the geographic region and place of residence, communities with high illiteracy rates, socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, communities with a higher rate of institutional delivery, and maternal antenatal care were associated with childhood vaccination status.…”

Timeliness of Childhood Vaccine Uptake Among Children Attending Immunoprophylaxis Clinic in Central India

“…(26) Another study conducted by Xeuatvongsa A et al found that fully immunised proportion was significantly more when time taken to reach nearest health facilities was less than 30 minutes (69.52%) as compared to when it was more than 30 minutes (30.48%). (27) The proportion of delayed vaccination when used public transport (61.5%) or own vehicle/on foot (61.1%) as mode of transport was almost equal. In contrary to this, a study conducted by Vonasek BJ et al found higher odds (OR = 1.103) of full vaccination for those mothers/relatively rely on walking for transportation to vaccination facility.…”