Blood lead levels in a group of children: the potential risk factors and health problems

AbuShady, Mones M.; Fathy, Hanan A.; Fathy, Gihan A.; Fatah, Samer abd el; Ali, Alaa; Abbas, Mohammed Nooredeen

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2016.12.006

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Analysis by multivariable linear regression modeled HAZ as a continuous outcome. Metals and metallic elements were selected based upon previously described association with stunting (Pb, Se, Zn) [7][8][9][23][24][25][26], known developmental toxicity (Pb, As, Cd) [27][28][29] or nutritional importance for healthy growth and development (Se, Zn) [8,30,31]. Two subjects were excluded for missing height measurements, and one subject was excluded for errors in heavy metals measurements, resulting in a final sample size of 97 children.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to metal mixtures and linear growth in healthy Ugandan children

et al. 2020

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Background Stunting is an indicator of poor linear growth in children and is an important public health problem in many countries. Both nutritional deficits and toxic exposures can contribute to lower height-forage Z-score (HAZ) and stunting (HAZ <-2). Objectives In a community-based cross-sectional sample of 97 healthy children ages 6-59 months in Kampala, Uganda, we examined whether exposure to Pb, As, Cd, Se, or Zn were associated with HAZ individually or as a mixture. Methods Blood samples were analyzed for a mixture of metals, which represent both toxins and essential nutrients. The association between HAZ and metal exposure was tested using multivariable linear regression and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression, which uses mixtures of correlated exposures as a predictor. Results There were 22 stunted children in the sample, mean HAZ was-0.74 (SD = 1.84). Linear regression showed that Pb (β =-0.80, p = 0.021) and Se (β = 1.92, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with HAZ. The WQS models separated toxic elements with a presumed negative effect on HAZ (Pb, As, Cd) from essential nutrients with presumed positive effect on HAZ (Se and Zn). The toxic mixture was significantly associated with lower HAZ (β =-0.47, p = 0.03), with 62% of the effect from Pb. The nutrient WQS index did not reach statistical significance (β =-0.47, p = 0.16).

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to metal mixtures and linear growth in healthy Ugandan children

et al. 2020

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“…Workers in a variety of occupations, including automobile technicians, e-waste workers, miners, and shootingrange workers are at risk for substantially high lead levels (Saliu et al, 2015;Obiri et al, 2016b;Mathee et al, 2017). Blood lead levels in school children have been associated with a variety of behavioral and cognitive outcomes, including: lower IQ, poorer school performance, anti-social or violent tendencies, hearing deficiencies, and delayed onset of puberty (Naicker et al, 2010;Tomoum et al, 2010;Abdel Rasoul et al, 2012;Naicker et al, 2012;Kashala-Abotnes et al, 2016;AbuShady et al, 2017;Nkomo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

Joubert

Mantooth²,

McAllister

2020

Front. Genet.

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The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.

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“…Lead exposure has been found to have a significant impact on the health of exposed children [ 1 , 2 ]. Children who have been exposed to lead have been found to present an elevated risk of delinquent behaviour during adulthood and later adulthood [ 3 ]. At low exposure levels, lead may cause acute and long-term health effects, such as neurotoxicity, that can subsequently affect behaviour and compromise intellectual abilities [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children who have been exposed to lead have been found to present an elevated risk of delinquent behaviour during adulthood and later adulthood [ 3 ]. At low exposure levels, lead may cause acute and long-term health effects, such as neurotoxicity, that can subsequently affect behaviour and compromise intellectual abilities [ 3 , 4 ]. Environmental pollution, contaminated soil, dust, water and food, as well as painted children toys, are sources by which the public becomes exposed to lead [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Bone Lead Concentration and Aggression in Youth from a Sub-Cohort of the Birth to Twenty Cohort

Tlotleng

Naicker

Mathee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: An association between blood-lead levels and aggression has been demonstrated in children and adolescent youth in South Africa. However, there are limited studies that have assessed aggression as an outcome for cumulative lead exposure using bone lead concentration. This study aims to assess the association between bone lead concentration and aggressive behaviour among a sample of youth in South Africa. Methods: Bone lead in 100 participants (53 males and 47 females) recruited and followed in the Birth to Twenty (BT20) Cohort were measured using 109 Cd-based, K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF). The Buss–Perry Aggression questionnaire was used to measure aggressive behaviour. Linear regression models were fitted to determine the association between aggression score for physical, verbal, anger and hostility and bone lead, adjusting for known confounders. Results: A one-microgram-per-gram increase in bone lead was found to increase the score for all four scales of aggression, but significantly only for anger (β = 0.2 [95% CI 0.04–0.370]). Psychosocial factors such as a history of family violence and exposure to neighbourhood crime were significant predictors for aggression. Conclusions: The study provides a preliminary overview of the relationship between cumulative lead exposure and behavioural problems such as aggression. A larger sample, across exposed communities, may prove more definitive in further investigating the association between these two important public health factors and to maximize generalizability.

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Blood lead levels in a group of children: the potential risk factors and health problems

Abstract: Lead remains a public health problem in Egypt. High blood lead levels were significantly associated with bad health habits and housing with increased exposure, as well as abnormal behavior and pallor.

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Environmental exposure to metal mixtures and linear growth in healthy Ugandan children

Environmental exposure to metal mixtures and linear growth in healthy Ugandan children

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

Association between Bone Lead Concentration and Aggression in Youth from a Sub-Cohort of the Birth to Twenty Cohort

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