Day-to-Day Variability in Self-Reported Cigarettes Per Day

Hughes, John R.; Shiffman, Saul; Naud, Shelly; Peters, Erica N.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx057

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This methodological weakness was only partially compensated for by the interview discussion of Adrian's evening tobacco use situations. These findings are in line with previous studies reporting a high variability in cigarettes smoked per day among a substantial subset of smokers (e.g., Hughes et al 2017). In fact, variability may be even more pronounced among light and intermittent smokers (Shiffman et al 2012), which is consistent with the smoking behavior reported by Adrian.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) mixed method for understanding substance use

McQuoid

Thrul

Ling

2018

Social Science & Medicine

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Tobacco use is increasingly concentrated within marginalized groups, including LGBTQ+ young adults. Developing tailored interventions to reduce tobacco-related health disparities requires understanding the mechanisms linking individual and contextual factors associated with tobacco use to behavior. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of three cases from a novel mixed method study designed to identify the situational factors and place-based practices of substance use among high-risk individuals. We combined geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) with an adapted travel diary-interview method. Participants (young adult bisexual smokers, ages 18-26) reported on non-smoking and smoking situations for 30 days with a smartphone app. GEMA surveys captured internal and external situational factors (e.g., craving intensity, location type, seeing others smoking). Continuous locational data was collected via smartphone GPS. Subsequently, participants completed in-depth interviews reviewing maps of their own GEMA data. GEMA data and transcripts were analyzed separately and integrated at the case level in a matrix. Using GEMA maps to guide the interview grounded discussion in participants' everyday smoking situations and routines. Interviews clarified participant interpretation of GEMA measures and revealed experiences and meanings of smoking locations and practices. The GEMA method identified the most frequent smoking locations/times for each participant (e.g., afternoons at university). Interviews provided description of associated situational factors and perceptions of smoking contexts (e.g., peer rejection of bisexual identity) and the roles of smoking therein (e.g., physically escape uncomfortable environments). In conclusion, this mixed method contributes to advancing qualitative GIS and other hypothesis-generating approaches working to reveal the richness of individuals' experiences of the everyday contexts of health behavior, while also providing reliable measures of situational predictors of behaviors of interest, such as substance use. Limitations of and future directions for the method are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) mixed method for understanding substance use

McQuoid

Thrul

Ling

2018

Social Science & Medicine

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“…The number of cigarettes smoked per day (printed pre-prepared cigarette diary brought to the TMS lab for each session) [32] was evaluated by subjective self-report. The subject recorded their daily cigarette use each morning before each rTMS session and every morning during the 1-month follow-up.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cigarette Consumption Nicotine Dependence Cued Craving and Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two weeks of image-guided left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves smoking cessation: A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Hartwell

Henderson

et al. 2020

Brain Stimulation

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Background: Previous studies have found that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) transiently reduces smoking craving, decreases cigarette consumption, and increases abstinence rates. Objective: We investigated whether 10 daily MRI-guided rTMS sessions over two weeks to the LDLPFC paired with craving cues could reduce cigarette consumption and induce smoking cessation. Methods: We enrolled 42 treatment-seeking nicotine-dependent smokers (!10 cigarettes per day) in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Participants received 10 daily sessions over 2 weeks of either active or sham MRI-guided rTMS (10Hz, 3000 pulses each session) to the LDLPFC concurrently with video smoking cues. The primary outcome was a reduction in biochemically confirmed cigarette consumption with a secondary outcome of abstinence on the target quit date. We also recorded cueinduced craving and withdrawal symptoms. Results: Compared to sham (n ¼ 17), participants receiving active rTMS (n ¼ 21) smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per day during the 2-week treatment (mean [SD], 13.73[9.18] vs. 11.06[9.29], P < .005) and at 1-month follow-up (12.78[9.53] vs. 7.93[7.24], P < .001). Active rTMS participants were also more likely to quit by their target quit rate (23.81%vs. 0%, OR 11.67, 90% CL, 0.96e141.32, x 2 ¼ 4.66, P ¼ .031). Furthermore, rTMS significantly reduced mean craving throughout the treatments and at follow-up (29.93[13.12] vs. 25.01[14.45], P < .001). Interestingly across the active treatment sample, more lateral coil location was associated with more success in quitting (À43.43[0.40] vs. À41.79[2.24], P < .013). Conclusions: Daily MRI-guided rTMS to the LDLPFC for 10 days reduces cigarette consumption and cued craving for up to one month and also increases the likelihood of smoking cessation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02401672.

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“…Within-person variability in CPD was measured via the coefficient of variation (within-person standard deviation of cigarettes across days divided by the within-person mean) consistent with a method used by Hughes et al 40 For this analysis, those without variability in CPD (n = 11) were assigned a coefficient of variation of zero. A t-test was used to test the difference between male and female average coefficient of variation (Hypothesis 4).…”

Section: Data Analytic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Stressful and Smoking Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Smokers

Tomko

Saladin

Baker

et al. 2018

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction Some evidence suggests that female smokers may show more context-dependent smoking and that males may show more stereotyped smoking (regardless of stress or cue exposure). The goal of this study was to characterize sex differences in response to stressful and smoking cues ecologically presented in daily life and variability in day-to-day smoking behavior. Methods Adult smokers (N = 177) provided ratings of mood and cigarette craving before and after stress and smoking cues were presented four times daily for 14 days via a mobile device. Linear mixed models tested whether (1) female smokers exhibited greater reactivity to stressful cues than male smokers; (2) pre-cue negative affect increased reactivity to smoking cues more in female smokers than male smokers; (3) across both sexes, greater reactivity to stressful and smoking cues correlated with greater quantity of smoking within a day; and (4) female smokers exhibited greater variability in cigarettes per day (CPD) relative to males. Results Relative to male smokers, female smokers reported greater negative affect, stress, and craving in response to stressful cues, but not smoking cues, after accounting for time since last cigarette and pre-cue responding. No sex differences in CPD or variability in CPD were detected. Days with higher subjective reactivity to cues were not associated with increased smoking, in either males or females. Conclusions Sex differences were observed in response to stress but not smoking cues in the natural environment of regular cigarette smokers. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether stress reactivity in female smokers is associated with reduced latency to smoke following stress exposure in daily life. Implications This study provides naturalistic evidence that female smokers may not be more reactive to smoking cues than males, but experience heightened stress and craving following stress exposure. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that amount smoked per day varied more for females, relative to males, as a result of more context-driven smoking for females.

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Day-to-Day Variability in Self-Reported Cigarettes Per Day

Abstract: Across day variability in CPD is larger than implied in prior studies. Determining causes of day-to-day variability should increase our understanding of the determinants of smoking.

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

A geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) mixed method for understanding substance use

A geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) mixed method for understanding substance use

Two weeks of image-guided left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves smoking cessation: A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Sex Differences in Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Stressful and Smoking Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Smokers

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