Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonellae during 2014–2015 from Four Centres Across India: An ICMR Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network Report

Dahiya, Sushila; Sharma, Priyanka; Kumari, Bandana; Pandey, S.; Malik, Rooma; Manral, Neelam; Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Pragasam, Agila Kumari; Ray, Pallab; Gautam, Vikas; Sistla, Sarath Chandra; Parija, Subhash Chandra; Walia, Kāmini; Ohri, V C; Das, Bimal Kumar; Sood, Seema; Kapil, Arti

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_16_382

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, the total number of isolates undergoing susceptibility testing in studies included in our review was relatively small. Our AMR findings can be complemented by AMR data generated from national laboratory reporting surveillance networks (84) and other sources, such as large, single-center studies showing AMR trends for common organisms (85). Third, using prospective cohort studies as our data source meant that the substantial data from high-income countries with robust and routine local and national CO-BSI surveillance were not included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

Marchello

Dale

Pisharody

et al. 2019

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) are major causes of severe febrile illness and death worldwide. In light of new data and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogens causing BSI, we undertook a systematic review of hospital-based studies of CO-BSI among patients hospitalized with fever. Without restriction to language or country, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective hospital-based studies of culture-confirmed CO-BSI among febrile inpatients. We determined by study the prevalence of BSI among participants, the pathogens responsible for BSI, and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing BSI, according to place and time. Thirty-four (77.3%) of 44 eligible studies recruited 29,022 participants in Africa and Asia combined. Among participants in these two regions, the median prevalence of BSI was 12.5% (range, 2.0 to 48.4%); of 3,220 pathogens isolated, 1,119 (34.8%) were Salmonella enterica, 425 (13.2%) Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 282 (8.8%) Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was reported in 16 (36.4%) studies. When isolates collected prior to 2008 were compared to those collected in the period of 2008 through 2018, the proportions of typhoidal Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to several clinically relevant antimicrobials increased over time, while S. pneumoniae susceptibility was stable. CO-BSI remain a major cause of severe febrile illness among hospitalized patients in Africa and Asia, with S. enterica, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli predominating. There is a concerning increase in AMR among serious infections caused by community-onset pathogens. Ongoing surveillance is needed to inform empirical management and strategies to control AMR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

Marchello

Dale

Pisharody

et al. 2019

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Clinically, DCS is associated with clinical failure when ciprofloxacin MIC was ranging from 0.12 to 1 μg/ml, which is commonly seen in India [ 23 , 40 ]. MDR isolates with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility strains in India are on the increase, and this needs continuous monitoring [ 41 ]. Earlier, this was missed as the dependence was on nalidixic acid resistance (NAR) using disc diffusion testing.…”

Section: Fluoroquinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid Fever: Issues in Laboratory Detection, Treatment Options & Concerns in Management in Developing Countries

et al. 2018

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Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole), was significantly reduced with the increased usage of fluoroquinolones and azithromycin. This has led to declining multidrug resistance rates in India with increasing ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility rates and clinical failures due to azithromycin. However, for the available agents such as ceftriaxone, azithromycin and fluoroquinolones, the dose and duration for treatment is undefined. The ongoing clinical trials for typhoid management are expected to recommend the defined dose and duration for better clinical outcome. We made an attempt to summarize the issues in laboratory detection, treatment options and responses, and the concerns in clinical practice seen in the developing countries.

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“…Antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, fluoroquinolones and 3 rd generation cephalosporin are the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of enteric fever. However, typhoidal Salmonella species have increasingly become resistant to conventional antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and fluoroquinolones in developing countries [ 4 ]. The death rate in enteric fever is expected to increase by 30% without appropriate diagnosis and effective antibiotic therapy [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly-sensitive detection of Salmonella typhi in clinical blood samples by magnetic nanoparticle-based enrichment and in-situ measurement of isothermal amplification of nucleic acids

et al. 2018

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Enteric fever continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, particularly in poor resource settings. Lack of rapid diagnostic assays is a major driving factor for the empirical treatment of enteric fever. In this work, a rapid and sensitive method ‘Miod’ ‘has been developed. Miod includes a magnetic nanoparticle-based enrichment of target bacterial cells, followed by cell lysis and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acids for signal augmentation along with concurrent measurement of signal via an in–situ optical detection system. To identify positive/negative enteric fever infections in clinical blood samples, the samples were processed using Miod at time = 0 hours and time = 4 hours post-incubation in blood culture media. Primers specific for the STY2879 gene were used to amplify the nucleic acids isolated from S. typhi cells. A limit of detection of 5 CFU/mL was achieved. No cross-reactivity of the primers were observed against 106 CFU/mL of common pathogenic bacterial species found in blood such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. baumanni, E. faecalis, S. Paratyphi A and K. pneumonia. Miod was tested on 28 human clinical blood samples. The detection of both pre-and post-four-hours incubation confirmed the presence of viable S. typhi cells and allowed clinical correlation of infection. The positive and negative samples were successfully detected in less than 6 hours with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

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Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonellae during 2014–2015 from Four Centres Across India: An ICMR Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network Report

Abstract: Enteric fever is one such infection which poses challenges in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, continuous surveillance is important to track bacterial resistance and to treat infections in a cost-effective manner.

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

Typhoid Fever: Issues in Laboratory Detection, Treatment Options & Concerns in Management in Developing Countries

Highly-sensitive detection of Salmonella typhi in clinical blood samples by magnetic nanoparticle-based enrichment and in-situ measurement of isothermal amplification of nucleic acids

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