Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome type 1 viruses induce hypoplasia of erythroid cells and myeloid cell hyperplasia in the bone marrow of experimentally infected piglets independently of the viral load and virulence

Amarilla, Shyrley Paola; Gómez-Laguna, J.; Carrasco, L.; Rodríguez-Gómez, I.M.; Ocerín, José María Caridad y; Graham, Simon P.; Frossard, Jean-Pierre; Steinbach, Falko; Salguero, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.040

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…PRRSV infection activates the NF-κB pathway through multiple pathways and regulates the transcription and expression of various in ammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-a, thereby causing cytokine storms. It is one of the causes of severe in ammatory responses after PRRSV infection and is also considered one of the causes of PRRS pathogenesis [25,26]. This study observed the cytopathic effects of PRRSV through in vitro experiments and found that quercetin signi cantly reduced PRRSVinduced cytopathy in MARC-145 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism

Qian

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes severe inflammatory response and respiratory disease. Quercetin is among the widely occurring polyphenol, found abundantly in nature. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-viral properties. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of quercetin on PRRSV induced inflammation in MARC-145 cells. Observing the cytopathic effect and measurements of inflammatory markers in MARC-145 cells collectively demonstrate that quercetin elicits a curative effect on PRRSV-induced inflammation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was further used for a non-targeted metabolic analysis of the the role of quercetin in the metabolic regulation of PRRSV inflammation in MARC-145 cells. It was shown that quercetin attenuated PRRSV-induced cytopathy in MARC-145 cells. We also found that quercetin inhibited PRRSV-induced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Metabolomics analysis revealed that quercetin ameliorated PRRSV-induced inflammation. Pathway analysis results revealed that PRRSV-induced pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were suppressed by quercetin. Moreover, we confirmed that quercetin inhibited the activation of NF-κB/p65 pathway, probably by attenuating PLA2, LOX and COX mRNA expression. These results provide a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of quercetin in alleviating PRRSV-induced inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Brie y, cells dispersed evenly in medium were seeded at a density of 1 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates. Next day, cells were treated with quercetin (25,50,100,200,300, 400 µmol/L), respectively, for 24 hours. Then, CCK-8 solution was added into each well.…”

Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism

Qian

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…PRRSV-induced central immune organ lesions have become a concern since severe thymic atrophy induced by highly pathogenic PRRSV infection was first reported ( Wang et al, 2011 ). Since then, different PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 isolates with variable pathogenicity have been evaluated for their contribution to bone marrow and thymus lesions ( Guo et al, 2013 ; Amarilla et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Wang et al, 2016 , 2018 ). PRRSV infection of susceptible CD14 + cells incapacitates their ability to act against microbial infection and antigen recognition, processing, and presentation to T and B cells; and PRRSV infection induced apoptosis in precursor cells, as well as CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes directly by infection or indirectly via a bystander effect ( He et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Molecular Characterization (Genetic Diversity Of Viruses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The name porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) NADC30-like was first coined in 2015. It originated from the NADC30 strain that was introduced into China by importing breeding pigs and has since undergone mutations or recombination, resulting in variant viruses. Following widespread outbreaks in China in recent years, these NADC30-like strains have presented major health challenges in swine production systems. Outcomes induced by PRRSV NADC30-like infection are highly variable, ranging from inapparent to severe, depending on the recombination between NADC30 and field PRRSV strains prevalent in swine farms. Vaccines and strict biosecurity measures have been explored to fight this disease; however, current PRRSV commercially modified-live virus vaccines (MLVs) have the potential to revert to virulence and only provide limited or no cross-protection efficacy against NADC30-like strains. PRRSVs will remain an ongoing challenge to the swine industry until safe and effective vaccines or antiviral reagents are developed.

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“…It has been established that PRRSV replication in bone marrow cells and the induction of cell apoptosis results in bone marrow hypoplasia characterized by a lack of normal myeloid and erythroid precursors [ 54 , 55 ]. Amarilla et al report that the percentage of affected hematopoietic tissue and stroma is independent of viral loads and virulence at the early stages of PRRSV infection [ 55 ]. Thus, all PRRSV strains infection may lead to a decrease in progenitor cells and ultimately a decrease in total white blood cells.…”

Section: Aberrant Immune Responses Induced By Prrsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Immune Escape and Application of Reverse Genetics in Attenuated Live Vaccine Development

Wang

Feng

2021

Vaccines

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus widely prevalent in pigs, results in significant economic losses worldwide. PRRSV can escape from the host immune response in several processes. Vaccines, including modified live vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are the best available countermeasures against PRRSV infection. However, challenges still exist as the vaccines are not able to induce broad protection. The reason lies in several facts, mainly the variability of PRRSV and the complexity of the interaction between PRRSV and host immune responses, and overcoming these obstacles will require more exploration. Many novel strategies have been proposed to construct more effective vaccines against this evolving and smart virus. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of how PRRSV induces weak and delayed immune responses, the current vaccines of PRRSV, and the strategies to develop modified live vaccines using reverse genetics systems.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome type 1 viruses induce hypoplasia of erythroid cells and myeloid cell hyperplasia in the bone marrow of experimentally infected piglets independently of the viral load and virulence

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism

Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism

Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Immune Escape and Application of Reverse Genetics in Attenuated Live Vaccine Development

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