Effects of Resistance Training Volume on MMPs in Circulation, Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different resistance training (RT) volumes on MMP activity in skeletal muscle, visceral adipose tissue and circulation. 21 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7 per group): sedentary control (SC); RT with 4 ladder climbs (RT-4; 50, 75, 90 and 100% of their maximal carrying capacity) and RT with 8 ladder climbs (RT-8 with 2 sets for each load). The 8-week RT consisted of climbing a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights secured to the animals? tails. MMP-2 and -9 activity were analyzed by zymography. RT-8 displayed higher active MMP-2 activity as compared with SC and RT-4 in skeletal muscle (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for pro and intermediate-MMP-2 activity in visceral adipose tissue, while RT-8 presented lower active MMP-2 activity as compared with SC (p<0.05). Plasma pro and active MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was lower in RT-8 as compared with RT-4 (p<0.05). These results suggest that higher volume RT up-regulates MMP-2 activity in skeletal muscle, while down-regulating MMP-2 in visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, it induces a decrease of MMP-2, 9 activity in circulation. Different tissue and circulatory MMP responses to RT may result in specific remodeling.

Effects of Resistance Training on Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Skeletal Muscles and Blood Circulation During Aging

“…In human studies, higher levels of serum MMPs have been associated with obesity (Erman et al, 2016 ), aging (Nascimento et al, 2016 ), and pathological conditions such as type II diabetes with and without peripheral arterial disease (Signorelli et al, 2005 ), colorectal cancer (Tutton et al, 2003 ), and cardiovascular diseases (Posa et al, 2015 ). Previous investigations revealed that acute and chronic exercise modulates the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in blood circulation (Nascimento et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Sousa Neto et al, 2017 ). In animal models, Posa et al ( 2015 ) demonstrated that voluntary wheel-running exercise (6 weeks) induced decreased MMP-2 activity in blood circulation, improved the isolated heart perfusion and the ratio of infarct size, which can have beneficial effects for aging.…”

“…This RT protocol was adapted from Hornberger and Farrar ( 2004 ). Training procedures have also been described elsewhere (Prestes et al, 2009 ; Souza et al, 2014 ; Sousa Neto et al, 2017 ).…”

“…The gels were photographed with a 7.1 megapixel Canon Power Shot G6 and the average intensity of the bands were analyzed using the software Gene Tools. Pro (latent), intermediate and active bands were identified via standard techniques using molecular weight criteria (Marqueti et al, 2008 ; Sousa Neto et al, 2017 ).…”

“…High MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity may be related to immunity, tumor progression or apoptosis, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and may play a role in cardiovascular disease diagnoses (Nascimento et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Giannakos et al, 2016 ). However, the findings in the blood circulation may not be an accurate reflection of skeletal muscle adaptations since systemic MMPs reflect the balance between their release from many cell types into the bloodstream and their removal from circulation (Nascimento et al, 2015 ; Lo Presti et al, 2017 ; Sousa Neto et al, 2017 ).…”

Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids

“…Also, familiarity with exercise and performance tests are important to reduce the bias associated with the gain of coordinative pattern, usually found in those with poor trainability. Recent studies have suggested that parameters such as total volume (sets  repetitions) and total load volume (sets  repetitions  weight) can significantly influence the biological adaptation of various tissues [3,4]. Thus, different volumes of resistance training and their respective parameters can induce vain adjustments in physiology, morphology, and cellular biology.…”