Biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles as an efficient delivery vehicle forMycobacterium tuberculosislipids to induce potent cytokines and antibody response through activation ofγδT cells in mice

Abstract

The activation of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is critical for protection against the pathogen and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antigens is a more potent way to induce different immune responses. Herein, we show that mice immunized with Mtb lipid-bound chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) induce secretion of prominent type-1 T-helper (Th-1) and type-2 T-helper (Th-2) cytokines in lymph node and spleen cells, and also induces significantly higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM in comparison to control mice. Furthermore, significantly enhanced γδ-T-cell activation was observed in lymph node cells isolated from mice immunized with Mtb lipid-coated chitosan NPs as compared to mice immunized with chitosan NPs alone or Mtb lipid liposomes. In comparison to CD8 cells, significantly higher numbers of CD4 cells were present in both the lymph node and spleen cells isolated from mice immunized with Mtb lipid-coated chitosan NPs. In conclusion, this study represents a promising new strategy for the efficient delivery of Mtb lipids using chitosan NPs to trigger an enhanced cell-mediated and antibody response against Mtb lipids.

Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases

“…The delivery of PLGA and chitosan NP conjugated vaccine molecules enhanced the immune responses at the mucosal site ( 95 , 96 ). Our recent study also showed that delivery of M. tuberculosis lipids using biocompatible chitosan NPs was able to induce significant humoral as well as cellular immune responses when compared to lipids alone in mice ( 43 ). We also found that intraperitoneal administration of these conjugates showed better activation of splenic T-cells.…”

Prophylactic vaccine delivery systems against epidemic infectious diseases

“…boost (Esat-6/3e) Mice Decreased bacterial counts in the lungs and spleens [43] Chitosan Mycobacterium lipids — i.p. Mice No results [44] Mycobacterium bovis Liposome Fusion of antigen 85b and Esat-6 — s.c. Mice Decreased bacterial counts in the lungs and spleen [45] a. The better or the best route to achieve protection; b.…”

Molecular insight to size and dose-dependent cellular toxicity exhibited by a green synthesized bioceramic nanohybrid with macrophages for dental applications

“…45 Exhibition of lower toxicity at longer milling time points can be explained by the presence of blended chitosan with CAS which has been reported to be biocompatible at a specific concentration. 46 It can be deduced that CAS-CH 3H, 2H, and 1H exhibited comparative biocompatibility considering the biocompatibility of CH as a threshold parameter. Moreover, CAS alone was found to be cytotoxic in this comparison.…”