2017
DOI: 10.1038/srep34278
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TLR4 signaling induces TLR3 up-regulation in alveolar macrophages during acute lung injury

Abstract: Acute lung injury is a life-threatening inflammatory response caused by severe infection. Toll-like receptors in alveolar macrophages (AMΦ) recognize the molecular constituents of pathogens and activate the host’s innate immune responses. Numerous studies have documented the importance of TLR-TLR cross talk, but few studies have specifically addressed the relationship between TLR4 and TLR3. We explored a novel mechanism of TLR3 up-regulation that is induced by LPS-TLR4 signaling in a dose- and time-dependent m… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…TLR3 which is a nucleic acid sensing receptor involved in response to viral pathogens, but also to sterile tissue damage (reviewed by Tatematsu et al, 2014). TLR3 can be also upregulated by LPS via TLR4-dependent pathway (Ding et al, 2017). TLR4 is stimulated by bacterial LPS (Lu et al, 2008), but also during viral infections, for example by Ebola glycoproteins (Okumura et al, 2010).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TLR3 which is a nucleic acid sensing receptor involved in response to viral pathogens, but also to sterile tissue damage (reviewed by Tatematsu et al, 2014). TLR3 can be also upregulated by LPS via TLR4-dependent pathway (Ding et al, 2017). TLR4 is stimulated by bacterial LPS (Lu et al, 2008), but also during viral infections, for example by Ebola glycoproteins (Okumura et al, 2010).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5,12,17,19 There is also crosstalk between TLR4 and TLR3. 26 Due to the crosstalk, different ligands can utilize components of TLR-dependent pathways to various degrees. 19 TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling seems to influence TLR3 function, which explains the synergistic effect between TLR4 and TLR3 triggering in macrophages that has been observed in acute lung injury.…”
Section: General Consequences Of Tlr4 Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19 TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling seems to influence TLR3 function, which explains the synergistic effect between TLR4 and TLR3 triggering in macrophages that has been observed in acute lung injury. 26 As a result of TLR4 stimulation of the dependent biochemical cascades, the generation of various short-chain RNA molecules (miRNA) becomes activated. For example, miRNA-511 positively regulates TLR4 signaling, but miRNA-200c silences MyD88 and impairs the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, CXCL9 and TNF-α.…”
Section: General Consequences Of Tlr4 Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been reported previously that synergy between viral and bacterial TLR signaling could lead to amplification of the inflammatory response [11,12,21]. Mechanical ventilation, which is a component of supportive therapy in the management of acute lung injury, can also produce an iatrogenic complication referred to as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%