Assessment of complementary feeding of Canadian infants: effects on microbiome &amp; oxidative stress, a randomized controlled trial

Qasem, Wafaa; Azad, Meghan B.; Hossain, Zakir; Azad, Elnaz; Jorgensen, Sarah; Juan, Sandra Castillo San; Cai, Chenxi; Khafipour, Ehsan; Beta, Trust; Roberts, L. Jackson; Friel, James K.

doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0805-0

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The gut microbiome has been shown to be altered in animals receiving iron supplementation, however, little work has been done in infants [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. We completed a study assessing the effect of meat and cereal based diets in infants on the infant gut microbiome [ 67 ]. Choice of first complimentary foods may influence gut inflammation and microbiota, potentially due to variations in iron absorption from different foods.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

2018

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The first 6 months of life is a crucial time in meeting iron needs. The purpose of this review is to examine iron in mother’s milk and whether or not it meets the physiological needs of the growing infant. Key issues include iron content and iron transport from the mammary gland as well as when and what foods should be added to the solely breastfed infant. We examine these topics in light of new molecular biology findings in the mammary gland.

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Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

2018

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“…T he transition of an infant from a mainly milk diet to the introduction of solid foods (complementary feeding period) is accompanied by transformation of the composition of the gut microbiota (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In Western countries, it is recommended that complementary feeding start at around 6 months of age and that infants eat mainly "family" foods by 1 year (9)(10)(11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In general, in studies of Western infants, members of the genus Bifidobacterium that utilize lactose (and human milk oligosaccharides [HMOs] for some species) for growth are abundant in the fecal microbiota of exclusively milk-fed infants. Bacterial species capable of degrading and fermenting plant polysaccharides and their components (Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae) are dominant by the end of the complementary feeding period (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

Lawley

Otal

Moloney-Geany

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

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“…Although attention has been paid to the impact of breast milk and infant formula on the composition of the microbiota (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), less research has investigated the impact of the change in diet that occurs when infants are introduced to solid foods during the complementary feeding period (known in some countries as "weaning") (9). To date, the majority of studies on this transition have been observational (10,11), and the few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have focused largely on the impact of iron fortification on the gut microbiota (12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mediation Analysis as a Means of Identifying Dietary Components That Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiota of Infants Weaned by Modified Baby-Led and Traditional Approaches

Leong

Haszard

Lawley

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The introduction of 'solids' (i.e. complementary foods) to the milk-only diet of early infancy affects the development of the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to determine whether a 'baby-led' approach to complementary feeding, that encourages early introduction of an adult type diet, results in alterations to gut microbiota composition compared to traditional spoon-feeding. The Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS) study randomized 206 infants to BLISS (a modified version of Baby-Led Weaning (BLW): introduction of solids at 6 months of age, followed by self-feeding of family foods) or Control (traditional spoon-feeding of purées) groups. Fecal microbiotas and 3-day weighed diet records were analysed from a subset of 74 infants at 7 and 12 months of age. The composition of the microbiota was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA genes amplified by PCR from bulk DNA extracted from feces. Diet records were used to estimate food and dietary fiber intake. Alpha diversity (number of Operational Taxonomic Units; OTUs) was significantly lower in BLISS infants at 12 months (difference, 95% CI: 31, 3.4 to 58.5; p = 0.028) and, while there were no significant differences between Control and BLISS infants in relative abundances of or at 7 or 12 months of age, OTUs representing the genus were less prevalent in BLISS microbiotas at 12 months. Mediation models demonstrated that 'fruit and vegetables' and 'dietary fiber' intake explained 29% and 25% respectively of the relationship between group (BLISS versus Control) and alpha diversity. The introduction of solid foods (complementary feeding, weaning) to infants leads to more complex compositions of microbial communities (microbiota, microbiome) in the gut. In Baby Led Weaning (BLW), infants are given only finger foods they can pick up and feed themselves - there is no parental spoon-feeding of puréed baby foods - and infants are encouraged to eat family meals. BLW is a new approach to infant feeding that is increasing in popularity in the United States, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Canada. We used mediation modeling, commonly used in health research but not until now in microbiota studies, to identify particular dietary components that affected the development of the infant gut microbiota.

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Assessment of complementary feeding of Canadian infants: effects on microbiome & oxidative stress, a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

Mediation Analysis as a Means of Identifying Dietary Components That Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiota of Infants Weaned by Modified Baby-Led and Traditional Approaches

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