<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>exposure and Parkinson's disease: a case–control study

Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme; Méndez-Hernández, Edna M.; Salas-Pacheco, José M.; Ruano-Calderón, Luis; Hernández‐Tinoco, Jesús; Arias-Carrión, Óscar; Sánchez‐Anguiano, Luis Francisco; Castellanos-Juárez, Francisco X.; Sandoval-Carrillo, Ada Agustina; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Ramos-Nevárez, Agar

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013019

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The literature has also suggested other factors linked to PD. Among them, infection with Toxoplasma gondii might be implicated in the development of PD [ 288 ] (as well as schizophrenia [ 289 ] and AD [ 290 ]) or it may have had, at least, an influence on certain symptoms [ 291 ]. In a mouse study, the cortical neurodegeneration caused by chronic exposure to this neurotropic parasite led to increased CX3CL1 expression accompanied by microglia activation [ 292 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Changes In Cx3cl1-cx3cr1 and Cd200-cd200r Interamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders

Chamera

Trojan

Szuster-Głuszczak

et al. 2020

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: The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron – microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. : In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron – microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.

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Section: The Role Of Changes In Cx3cl1-cx3cr1 and Cd200-cd200r Interamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders

Chamera

Trojan

Szuster-Głuszczak

et al. 2020

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“…Of the seven studies, three originated from Iran [ 11 , 26 , 29 ], three from Turkey [ 27 , 37 , 38 ], and one from Mexico [ 28 ]. Published between 2010 and 2017, all studies were based on case-controlled design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramezani et al [ 26 ] suggested T. gondii infection contributed to an increased risk of PD, and Miman et al [ 27 ] also considered T. gondii might be involved in the development of PD. To the contrary, Alvarado-Esquivel et al [ 28 ] and Oskouei et al [ 29 ] indicated no association was observed between T. gondii infection and PD, Fallahi et al [ 11 ] found that T. gondii infection could not be a risk factor for PD. To date, and no meta-analysis was conducted to combine the available evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhou

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. Several studies have investigated the association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with inconsistent results. Clarifying this relation might be useful for better understanding of the risk factors and the relevant mechanisms of PD, thus a meta-analysis was conducted to explore whether exposure to T. gondii is associated with an increased risk of PD. Methods. We conducted this meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A rigorous literature selection was performed by using the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) were pooled by using fixed-effects models. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias test, and methodological quality assessment of studies were also performed. Results. Seven studies involving 1086 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data by using fixed-effects models suggested both latent infection (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.58; P=0.314) and acute infection (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.30 to 4.35; P=0.855) were not associated with PD risk. Stable and robust estimates were confirmed by sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was found by visual inspection of the funnel plot, Begg’s, and Egger’s test. Conclusions. This meta-analysis does not support any possible association between T. gondii infection and risk of PD. Researches are still warranted to further explore the underlying mechanisms of T. gondii in the pathogenesis of PD and their causal relationship.

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“…In addition, infection with T. gondii has been associated with reflexes impairment [ 25 ], epilepsy [ 26 , 27 ], Parkinson’s disease [ 28 ], and Alzheimer’s disease [ 29 ]. However, other studies found no association between T. gondii infection and Parkinson’s disease [ 30 , 31 ] and Alzheimer’s disease [ 32 ]. Remarkably, in a murine model, neuroinflammatory response following chronic toxoplasmosis reduced the accumulation of ß-amyloid plaques, ameliorating the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii exposure and neurological disorders: An age- and gender-matched case-control pilot study

Alvarado‐Esquivel

Rico-Almochantaf

Hernández‐Tinoco

et al. 2017

EuJMI

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Little is known about the association of Toxoplasma gondii infection and neurological disorders. We performed a case-control study with 344 patients with neurological diseases and 344 neurologically healthy age- and gender-matched subjects. Sera of participants were analyzed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available immunoassays. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 25 (7.3%) cases and in 35 (10.2%) controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.18; P = 0.17). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 5 (14.3%) of the 25 IgG seropositive cases and in 13 (37.1°%) of the 35 IgG seropositive controls (P = 0.15). Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 8 (3.8%) of 213 female cases and in 23 (10.8%) of 213 female controls (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14–0.73; P = 0.005); and in 17 (13.0%) of 131 male cases and in 12 (9.2%) of 131 male controls (P = 0.32). No direct association between IgG seropositivity and specific neurological disorders was detected. We found no support for a role of latent T. gondii infection in the risk for neurological disorders in this setting. With respect to specific neurological disorders, further studies using larger patient cohorts will be required.

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Toxoplasma gondiiexposure and Parkinson's disease: a case–control study

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders

The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders

The Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Toxoplasma gondii exposure and neurological disorders: An age- and gender-matched case-control pilot study

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