Overview of Human Salivary Glands: Highlights of Morphology and Developing Processes

Paula, Fernanda de; Teshima, Tathyane Harumi Nakajima; Hsieh, Ricardo; Souza, Milena Monteiro de; Nico, Marcello Menta Simonsen; Lourenço, Sílvia Vanessa

doi:10.1002/ar.23569

Cited by 113 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The volume and composition of the secreted saliva depend on the autonomic nerve stimulation particularly the parasympathetic system. M3 is the main receptor in exocrine secretion (tear and saliva) 7 . The salivary gland acinar cells secrete saliva following the interaction of acetylcholine neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system with M3 muscarinic receptors 7,23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M3 is the main receptor in exocrine secretion (tear and saliva) 7 . The salivary gland acinar cells secrete saliva following the interaction of acetylcholine neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system with M3 muscarinic receptors 7,23 . According to a simple model suggested by Dawson, in a cascade of events, first acetylcholine binds to M3 muscarinic receptors on the surface of salivary gland acinar cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salivary glands play a fundamental role in oral homeostasis. Salivary glands synthesize and secrete saliva, which is a multipurpose fluid that lubricates the oral mucosa, contains electrolytes, has antimicrobial activity, protects the mucosa and dental surfaces (by its enzymatic activity), and preserves the oral moisture and comfort 7 The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are classified into five subtypes (M1‐M5) based on their genetic and pharmacological characteristics 8,9 . M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors comprise the majority of salivary gland receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study

Agha‐Hosseini

Moosavi

Mirzaii‐Dizgah

et al. 2020

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common, chronic immunological and inflammatory condition. Many of the OLP patients complain of xerostomia. The M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MR3) are the main receptors in the salivary glands responsible for water secretion into the saliva. This study aimed to assess the level of M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients. Methods This case‐control cross‐sectional study evaluated 40 OLP patients and 22 controls. All participants completed two questionnaires (xerostomia and xerostomia inventory). Stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. The saliva flow rate was calculated by dividing the saliva volume (in milliliters) by time (in minutes). Six minor salivary glands were also surgically removed from the lower lip of patients and controls, and weighed using a digital scale with 10−4 g accuracy. They were then frozen at −80°C, and the level of M3 receptors of the glands was determined using the ELISA kit. Results The unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate was significantly lower in OLP patients. The xerostomia inventory score was significantly higher in the OLP group. The level of M3 muscarinic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients was significantly higher than that in controls. Conclusions It may be concluded that the reduction in saliva flow significantly increases the number of M3 receptors in an attempt to compensate for this shortage and prevent xerostomia (compensatory upregulation).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study

Agha‐Hosseini

Moosavi

Mirzaii‐Dizgah

et al. 2020

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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“…Gastrointestinal organs are thought to be the most liable to harmful alternariol consequences [32]. Homeostasis of oral cavity depends mainly on salivary glands as saliva is responsible for fighting microbes, maintaining pH and carbohydrates catalysis in the mouth [33]. The most common way of Alternariol toxicity is the oral way through food, after which it can be absorbed by enterocytes [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

2019

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Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins that gained considerable interest with increasing evidence of their existence and toxicological properties. There is limited research and insufficient data about their in vivo hazardous effects. We designed this study to evaluate histopathological and genotoxic in vivo impacts of alternariol (AOH) on the parotid gland as well as to assess the competency of gallic acid (GA) in reversing these effects. Forty healthy adult male Wister rats were utilized and assigned equally on control, GA, alternariol and AOH+ gallic treated groups. Parotid gland samples from experimental groups were collected and then examined for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination for 4-hydroxynonenal “4-HNE as lipid peroxidation marker” as well as Comet assay for DNA damage. Additionally, parotid tissue homogenates were tested for catalase “CAT”, superoxide dismutase “SOD” and malondialdehyde “MDA” levels. Our data proved that alternariol produced various histopathological and ultrastructural alterations of parotid acini as well as significant DNA damage, significant reduction of CAT and SOD enzymatic activity and significant boosting of 4-HNE immunohistochemical expression and MDA levels as compared to control group. On the other hand, gallic acid administration almost restored histological and ultrastructural parotid architecture, 4-HNE immune-expression and biochemical levels. Ultimately, we demonstrated alternariol-induced histopathological and genotoxic alterations on parotid gland as well as the competency of gallic acid in reversing these effects.

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“…,b; de Paula et al. ). From the primitive oral cavity, epithelial cells bud and internalise, forming branched solid cords (Melnick & Jaskoll, ; Patel et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis and proliferation during human salivary gland development

et al. 2019

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Human salivary gland (SG) branching morphogenesis is an intricate mechanism divided into stages, prebud, initial bud, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and terminal bud, to form the final lobular structure of the organ. The coordination of molecular cascades, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, are fundamental to this process. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway appears to be important in the early phases of ductal cavitation and luminisation; however, the role of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway has still to be determined. Questions remain as to whether the latter mechanism participates in the maintenance of the ductal lumen; therefore, the present study investigated the expression of proteins Prostate apoptosis response‐4 (Par‐4), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas), Fas ligand (FasL), pleckstrin homology‐like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1), caspase‐3, B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), survivin, Ki‐67, mucin 1 (MUC1), and secreted protein acidic and cysteine‐rich (SPARC) during distinct phases of human SG development (50 specimens). This strategy aimed to draw an immunomorphological map of the proteins involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tissue maturation during the SG branching morphogenesis process. Par‐4 was positive at all stages except the pre‐acinar phase. Fas and FasL were expressed in few cells. PHLDA1 was expressed in all phases but not in the terminal bud. Bcl‐2 expression was mainly negative (expressed in few cells). Survivin showed a cytoplasmic expression pattern in the early phases of development, which changed to a predominantly nuclear expression during development into more differentiated structures. Ki‐67 was expressed mainly at the pseudoglandular stage. MUC1 was positive in the pseudoglandular stage with a cytoplasmic pattern in regions of early luminal opening. Immunostaining for SPARC and caspase‐3 was negative. Our results suggest that proteins associated with the regulation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis contribute to apoptosis during specific phases of the early formation of SGs in humans.

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Overview of Human Salivary Glands: Highlights of Morphology and Developing Processes

Cited by 113 publications

References 58 publications

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

Apoptosis and proliferation during human salivary gland development

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