Abstract:BackgroundUtilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased worldwide, but its use remains restricted to severely ill patients, and few referral centers are properly structured to offer this support. Inter-hospital transfer of patients on ECMO support can be life-threatening. In this study, we report a single-center experience and a systematic review of the available published data on complications and mortality associated with ECMO transportation.MethodsWe reported single-center data reg… Show more
“…Regional differences may exist within the same country, and the situation in total is not as uniformly organized in Germany (34), France (35,36), Belgium (personal communication), or South Norway (37). Many hospitals around the globe are in the phase of starting, or have a few years of active duties but the number of transports are low as in Brazil (38), Qatar (39), Japan and the University Hospital of North Norway (personal communication).…”
Quality follow-up varies. Some keep track of adverse events and report whereas most transport entities do not seem to prioritize this. There is no international body for ECMO transports. Such would be the key for definitions, support, networking, and a registry that successively would increase knowledge concerning adverse events, morbidity and mortality.
“…Regional differences may exist within the same country, and the situation in total is not as uniformly organized in Germany (34), France (35,36), Belgium (personal communication), or South Norway (37). Many hospitals around the globe are in the phase of starting, or have a few years of active duties but the number of transports are low as in Brazil (38), Qatar (39), Japan and the University Hospital of North Norway (personal communication).…”
Quality follow-up varies. Some keep track of adverse events and report whereas most transport entities do not seem to prioritize this. There is no international body for ECMO transports. Such would be the key for definitions, support, networking, and a registry that successively would increase knowledge concerning adverse events, morbidity and mortality.
“…Tras la optimización de la ventilación mecánica y maniobras de rescate respiratorio, el 13% de los pacientes pudieron trasladarse de forma segura sin ECMO cumpliendo los criterios: pO2>90 mmHg con FIO21, PCO2< 65 mmHg y PEEP<20 (25). Un reciente metanálisis que incluye un total de 1481 pacientes transportados en ECMO, extraídos de estudios heterogéneos realizados entre 1994 y 2016, contrasta con lo anterior presentado, siendo el grado de hipoxemia media pre-ECMO de PaO2/FiO2: 59 y presentando una supervivencia de alrededor del 60% (35). Con todo ello no queda más que esperar a futuros estudios, siendo prudentes a la hora de trasladar un paciente con SDRA grave, valorando la precocidad del traslado y los posibles criterios de menor gravedad para la implantar la ECMO debido al alto riesgo que supone un transporte.…”
Section: Criterios De Ecmo Para Traslado En La Insuficiencia Respiratunclassified
“…En zonas de Europa con otras condiciones, sí es cierto que ha aumentado el transporte interhospitalario crítico en helicóptero gracias a la adaptación de las infraestructuras y de la introducción de helicópteros con mejores prestaciones, estudios alemanes de transporte en ECMO comentan traslados en helicóptero entre 60 km-178km (59). TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE: El transporte en ambulancia es el medio más utilizado para el traslado sanitario, en un reciente metanálisis se estimó que un 53% de los traslados en ECMO son en ambulancia (35). Las principales ventajas de este tipo de transporte son su disponibilidad, su coste y su utilización en prácticamente casi todas las situaciones (27).…”
Section: Traslado En Ecmo: Elección Del Medio De Transporteunclassified
“…Otro aspecto a valorar es la importancia del estado de las carreteras a recorrer, ya que carreteras tortuosas aumentaran los tiempos de traslado y serán más incómodas a la hora de trabajar. TRANSPORTE EN HELICÓPTERO: El estudio de Mendes et al cifra en un 22% los traslados que se realizan en helicóptero (35). El helicóptero presenta como principales ventajas la velocidad, la estabilidad del medio de transporte y el traslado de cama a cama sin otros transportes intermediarios, todo ello hace pensar que es el medio ideal para el traslado de pacientes críticos.…”
Section: Traslado En Ecmo: Elección Del Medio De Transporteunclassified
“…Grandes desventajas son el depender de aeropuertos con la logística que ello conlleva y la necesidad de un traslado previo y posterior en ambulancia (27,56,57). Un 27% de los traslados se han realizado con este medio, permitiendo traslados en ECMO de largas distancias, siendo un 7% de los traslados totales internacionales (35).…”
Section: Traslado En Ecmo: Elección Del Medio De Transporteunclassified
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is indicated for patients who are refractory to treatment, those with cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure and those with exacerbations eligible for heart and lung transplantation. The practitioner's experience and quantity of necessary resources are reasons why regionalization could benefit these types of patients, establishing ECMO reference centers and integrating a transportation network specialized in ECMO. This type of transportation is a challenge for healthcare systems and physicians, given its greater complexity, requiring a multidisciplinary and interterritorial approach. ECMO transportation is safer than without mechanical support, although there are currently no criteria for starting the therapy on patients being transferred. Criteria of lesser severity might be necessary for these patients. The training and specialization of the team in extracorporeal support therapies, interfacility transport and the systemization of the transfer can improve results. There are no studies on the conditions that must be met by the transportation media, although space and stability are important characteristics. Air transfer with ECMO is an increasingly frequent option. Although there are data on its safety, there are none on the physiology of patients undergoing ECMO at high altitudes, data that could help with the indication and management of this type of transportation.
This chapter discusses the unique challenges encountered when transporting critically ill pediatric patients with cardiac disease. Whether they have congenital or acquired heart disease, ensuring adequate tissue oxygenation is the primary goal when transporting these patients. Typical strategies have to be modified for the transport process, but this is still accomplished by adopting strategies that (1) optimize systemic
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