Immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus infections in infants

Vandini, Silvia; Calamelli, Elisabetta; Faldella, Giacomo; Lanari, Marcello

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.11.006

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the sensitivity analysis using normalized cytokine levels and the subgroup analysis excluding infants with a breathing problem prior to enrollment, the results were similar These findings are concordant with previous cross-sectional and retrospective studies that suggested potential interrelations between RV infection, type 2 cytokines (eg, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP), and asthmatic airway inflammation. [2][3][4] The current prospective study builds on these earlier reports and extends them by demonstrating the prospective association between type 2 cytokine levels in the airway of infants with solo RV bronchiolitis and the risk of developing asthma. The mechanisms underlying these findings warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Il-25 Il-33 Interferon [Ifn]-β Macrophage Inflammatory Prmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Experimental models and human (cross-sectional and retrospective) studies have reported that RV infection may induce type 2 cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP]) and that the levels of these cytokines are elevated in the asthmatic airway. [2][3][4] However, no prospective study has investigated the longitudinal relation of type 2 airway inflammation in children-let alone infants with bronchiolitis-to the development of childhood asthma. To address this knowledge gap, we prospectively examined the association of nasopharyngeal cytokines in infants with RV bronchiolitis with the risk of developing childhood asthma, by using data from a multicenter cohort of infants with severe bronchiolitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association of type 2 cytokines in severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis during infancy with risk of developing asthma: A multicenter prospective study

Hasegawa

Hoptay

Harmon

et al. 2019

Allergy

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CD300a is an inhibitory receptor (IR) belonging to the immunoglobulin super-family expressed on several immune cells. It binds phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), usually exposed on the outer leaflet of apoptotic or activated cells, thus strengthening the role of this receptor in inflammation. 1 We have previously described CD300a expression and inhibitory functions on human/murine mast cells (MCs), on eosinophils (Eos), the cardinal effector cells of allergy, and on human basophils. 2 Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic, predominantly Th2-driven inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by an impaired epidermal barrier, skin lesions, pruritus, and colonization of S aureus bacteria. 3

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Section: Il-25 Il-33 Interferon [Ifn]-β Macrophage Inflammatory Prmentioning

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of type 2 cytokines in severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis during infancy with risk of developing asthma: A multicenter prospective study

Hasegawa

Hoptay

Harmon

et al. 2019

Allergy

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“…For influenza the situation is slightly different, since this virus elicits protective immunity [172]; however, its genetic drift and shift causes new strains that are not, or inefficiently, recognized by existing influenza immunity which generally means that individuals will experience multiple influenza infections in the course of their lives. Besides contributing to the problem of limited immunological protection, viral innate immune evasion may also contribute to often reported immune over-reactions associated with respiratory infections, including cytokine storms, damaging inflammation, and other severe complications [181][182][183][184]. Some studies on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections in patients suggest that the delayed innate immune response that is the result of temporary suppression by innate immune evasion, contributes to an exacerbated response [144].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses

2019

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The impact of respiratory virus infections on the health of children and adults can be very significant. Yet, in contrast to most other childhood infections as well as other viral and bacterial diseases, prophylactic vaccines or effective antiviral treatments against viral respiratory infections are either still not available, or provide only limited protection. Given the widespread prevalence, a general lack of natural sterilizing immunity, and/or high morbidity and lethality rates of diseases caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses, this difficult situation is a genuine societal challenge. A thorough understanding of the virushost interactions during these respiratory infections will most probably be pivotal to ultimately meet these challenges. This review attempts to provide a comparative overview of the knowledge about an important part of the interaction between respiratory viruses and their host: the arms race between host innate immunity and viral innate immune eva-

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“…There are several differences between RV-and RSV-induced illnesses with respect to at-risk populations and clinical characteristics. 36,62 Children hospitalized for RV-induced wheezing tend to be older, are more likely to have wheezed previously, more often have allergic sensitization compared with those with RSV-induced wheezing, 5,7,33,[63][64][65][66] and also show a favorable response to oral corticosteroid treatment whereas those with RSV-induced wheezing do not. 67,68 Although RSV can generally cause more severe infections in infants than RV, the inception of wheeze might be more rapid (and duration shorter) with RV compared with RSV infection.…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between Rv And Rsv Clinical Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children

Jartti

Gern

2017

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

357

372

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Viral infections are closely linked to wheezing illnesses in children of all ages. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main causative agent of bronchiolitis, whereas rhinovirus (RV) is most commonly detected in wheezing children thereafter. Severe respiratory illness induced by either of these viruses is associated with subsequent development of asthma, and the risk is greatest for young children who wheeze with RV infections. Whether viral illnesses actually cause asthma is the subject of intense debate. RSV-induced wheezing illnesses during infancy influence respiratory health for years. There is definitive evidence that RSV-induced bronchiolitis can damage the airways to promote airway obstruction and recurrent wheezing. RV likely causes less structural damage and yet is a significant contributor to wheezing illnesses in young children and in the context of asthma. For both viruses, interactions between viral virulence factors, personal risk factors (eg, genetics), and environmental exposures (eg, airway microbiome) promote more severe wheezing illnesses and the risk for progression to asthma. In addition, allergy and asthma are major risk factors for more frequent and severe RV-related illnesses. Treatments that inhibit inflammation have efficacy for RV-induced wheezing, whereas the anti-RSV mAb palivizumab decreases the risk of severe RSV-induced illness and subsequent recurrent wheeze. Developing a greater understanding of personal and environmental factors that promote more severe viral illnesses might lead to new strategies for the prevention of viral wheezing illnesses and perhaps reduce the subsequent risk for asthma.

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Immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus infections in infants

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Association of type 2 cytokines in severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis during infancy with risk of developing asthma: A multicenter prospective study

Association of type 2 cytokines in severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis during infancy with risk of developing asthma: A multicenter prospective study

Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses

Role of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children

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