Histochemical Analysis of Plant Secretory Structures

Demarco, Diego

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_24

Cited by 69 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The identification of phenolic compounds in EFNs does not necessarily indicate that they are components of secretion. In fact, these compounds are unpalatable and toxic and are more likely to be involved with providing protection against phytophagous insects and herbivores (Roshchina and Roshchina 1993, Bixenmann et al 2013, Silva et al 2017, Demarco 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho–anatomical and ultrastructural analysis of extrafloral nectaries in Inga edulis (Vell.) Mart. (Leguminosae)

Pireda

Miguel

Xavier

et al. 2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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The presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) between leaflets is an usual feature in Inga edulis (Vell.) Mart. (Leguminosae). Extrafloral nectaries are secretory structures involved in production of nectar and which serve in the protection of plants against herbivores through association with ants. This study aimed to characterize the EFNs of I. edulis at different developmental stages and describe their morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure. Leaf fragments, containing secretory structures, were processed according to standard methods for light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The EFNs were classified into three stages based on morphology: pre‐secretory, secretory and post‐secretory. The pre‐secretory stage occurs in young leaves, whereas secretory and post‐secretory stages occur in developed and senescent leaves, respectively. The EFNs possess a concave surface and a central cleft in which nectar is accumulated and which was not observed in pre‐secretory EFNs. Histochemical tests identified the presence of sugars, proteins, phenolic compounds, mucilage and lipids at all developmental stages of the EFNs. Calcium crystals were identified in all tissues and stages of the EFNs. The secretory cells of the EFNs exhibit a granular cytoplasm, small vacuoles, prominent nuclei, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Post‐secretory stage EFNs exhibited intense cytoplasmic degradation and the presence of microorganisms. The performance of EFNs of I. edulis appear to follow the leaf development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho–anatomical and ultrastructural analysis of extrafloral nectaries in Inga edulis (Vell.) Mart. (Leguminosae)

Pireda

Miguel

Xavier

et al. 2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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“…The tests control of hydrophilic substances and lipophilic substances were carried out according to Demarco (2017b). All photomicrographs were taken using an Olympus BX51 microscope (Melville, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corona development and floral nectaries of Asclepiadeae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)

Monteiro

Demarco

2017

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Flowers of Asclepiadoideae are notable for possessing numerous nectaries and elaborate coronas, where nectar can accumulate but is not necessarily produced. Given the complexity and importance of these structures for reproduction, this study aimed to analyze the ontogeny of the corona, the structure and position of nectaries and the histochemistry of the nectar of species of Asclepiadeae. Two types of coronas were observed: androecial [C(is)] and corolline (Ca). Th e development of the C(is)-type of corona initiates opposite the stamens in all species examined with the exception of Matelea in which it begins to develop as a ring around the fi lament tube. Despite their morphological variation, coronas typically originate from the androecium. A notable diff erence among the studied species was the location of the nectaries. Primarily, they are located in the stigmatic chamber, where nectar composed of carbohydrates and lipids is produced. A secondary location of nectaries found in species of Peplonia and Matelea is within the corona, where nectar is produced and stored, composed of carbohydrates and lipids in Peplonia and only carbohydrates in Matelea. Th e functional role of nectar is related to the location of its production since it is a resource for pollinators and inducers of pollen germination.

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“…Secretions are present in all groups of vascular plants and may be composed of a high diversity of secondary and/or primary metabolites [16,19,21,25,26] and have a well-defined ecological role. Although a single metabolite may predominate within a taxon, especially in the case of some alkaloids [19], when we consider the totality of compounds produced by plant secretory structures (or glands), they usually vary even within a species due to genotypic variations and abiotic conditions [25].…”

Section: Defensive Secretory Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different secretions are produced by specialized cells and can be directly released to the environment or stored in the plant in intracellular or intercellular sites [16,21]. Secretory structures vary enormously in relation to their structural complexity, and may be composed of a single cell (e.g., idioblasts and some laticifers) or many cells, as in the case of more complex structures such as trichomes, colleters, nectaries, osmophores, secretory cavities and ducts, among others [2,16,20,21,[27][28][29]. Some of these secreted compounds can be profoundly affected, with their production being increased or reduced when the plant is subjected to some form of stress, such as wounds, infections or variations of climatic or edaphic factors [19,25,30].…”

Section: Defensive Secretory Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These strategies may be (1) physical defenses, like trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals and sclerenchyma, which provide greater hardness to plant tissue and prevent it from penetration and degradation [13][14][15] and (2) chemical defenses, through the production of secondary metabolites by secretory cells [3,6,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The secondary metabolites found in the different secretions (or natural products) include a great diversity of alkaloids, terpenoids, cyanogenic glycosides and phenolic compounds that are toxic and play a selective role in relation to the enemies, mainly against herbivory [10,17,19,22,23], thus enhancing the plant adaptive success in many environments [10,18,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

Prado¹,

Demarco²

2018

Ecosystem Services and Global Ecology

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During the evolution of terrestrial plants, many protective strategies have emerged, guaranteeing the survival of plants in the most varied environments. Among these strategies, we highlight the chemical defense of plants given by secretory structures, such as laticifers and secretory ducts. These glands are responsible for the production of viscous exudates that can be toxic, deterrent or repellent to herbivores, in addition to acting against microorganisms and sealing wounds. The similarities between latex and resin produced by certain ducts led several researchers to misinterpret their characteristics and generated a great number of divergences in the literature. This chapter aims to review the similarities and differences between laticifers and ducts and to demonstrate the structure, secretory activity and chemical composition of the secretion of each one, as well as the evolutionary and ecological aspects that can be associated with the high rate of survival and diversification of the plants that contain laticifers and/or ducts.Among the defensive glands, we highlight the tubular secretory systems that can form an anastomosed and branched network throughout the plant, a similarity that has generated numerous errors of identification between laticifers and resin ducts due to the production of similar secretions [6,17,25,29,31]. What are the similarities and differences between these two secretory structures? Laticifer and resin ductLaticifers and ducts can occur as single structures that often anastomose forming an interconnected network through all organs of the plant, whose viscous and mostly terpenic secretion

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Histochemical Analysis of Plant Secretory Structures

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Morpho–anatomical and ultrastructural analysis of extrafloral nectaries in Inga edulis (Vell.) Mart. (Leguminosae)

Morpho–anatomical and ultrastructural analysis of extrafloral nectaries in Inga edulis (Vell.) Mart. (Leguminosae)

Corona development and floral nectaries of Asclepiadeae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)

Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

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