Inflammatory gene expression in whole blood cells after EPA vs. DHA supplementation: Results from the ComparED study

Vors, Cécile; Allaire, Janie; Marín, Javier; Lépine, Marie-Claude; Charest, Amélie; Tchernof, André; Couture, Patrick; Lamarche, Benoı̂t

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.025

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is discussed that EPA affects the gene expression of many inflammation-related genes in immune cells. A recent study revealed that the anti-inflammatory potency of EPA is comparable to DHA (191). Similarly, Hopperton et al (192) reported that increasing brain n3-PUFAs decreases some aspects of the inflammatory response to A.…”

Section: Epa and Other Pufasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention

Grimm

Michaelson

Hartmann

2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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In the last decade, it has become obvious that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked to changes in lipids or lipid metabolism. One of the main pathological hallmarks of AD is amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Aβ is derived from sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Interestingly, both, the APP and all APP secretases are transmembrane proteins that cleave APP close to and in the lipid bilayer. Moreover, apoE4 has been identified as the most prevalent genetic risk factor for AD. ApoE is the main lipoprotein in the brain, which has an abundant role in the transport of lipids and brain lipid metabolism. Several lipidomic approaches revealed changes in the lipid levels of cerebrospinal fluid or in post mortem AD brains. Here, we review the impact of apoE and lipids in AD, focusing on the major brain lipid classes, sphingomyelin, plasmalogens, gangliosides, sulfatides, DHA, and EPA, as well as on lipid signaling molecules, like ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As nutritional approaches showed limited beneficial effects in clinical studies, the opportunities of combining different supplements in multi-nutritional approaches are discussed and summarized.

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Section: Epa and Other Pufasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention

Grimm

Michaelson

Hartmann

2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Interestingly, neither EPA nor DHA had any effect on fibrinolytic function [47]. Furthermore, from the limited comparative studies available, DHA seemed to be more effective than EPA at lowering a wide range of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with subclinical inflammation [39,48]. Both EPA and DHA, however, were effective at reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2 isoprostanes) [49][50][51].…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which Epa and Dha Reduce The Risk Of Cardiovasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids for Cardiovascular Health: An Update for 2020

Innes

Calder

2020

IJMS

238

176

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The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood (especially fatty fish), supplements and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Long-term prospective cohort studies consistently demonstrate an association between higher intakes of fish, fatty fish and marine n-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA) or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body and lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. This cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is most likely due to the beneficial modulation of a number of known risk factors for CVD, such as blood lipids, blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability, platelet aggregation, endothelial function, and inflammation. Evidence for primary prevention of CVD through randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is relatively weak. In high-risk patients, especially in the secondary prevention setting (e.g., post-MI), a number of large RCTs support the use of EPA + DHA (or EPA alone) as confirmed through a recent meta-analysis. This review presents some of the key studies that have investigated EPA and DHA in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, describes potential mechanisms for their cardioprotective effect, and evaluates the more recently published RCTs in the context of existing scientific literature.

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“…EPA promoted changes in extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression in adipose tissue (50) Allaire et al (51,52) and Vors et al v. EPA, P < 0•0001) (52) . EPA and DHA have similar effects on the expression of many inflammation-related genes in immune cells (53) ↓, Decrease. ↑, Increase; ADGRE1, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; CRP, C-reactive protein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; O3I, Omega-3 Index; WC, waist circumference.…”

Section: Obesity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human studies comparing supplementation of EPA v. DHA, Allaire et al (51) showed that, related to modulation of specific markers of inflammation and blood lipids, DHA is more effective than EPA. However, Vors et al (53) showed that EPA or DHA has similar effects on the expression of many inflammationrelated genes in immune cells of men and women at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.…”

Section: Obesity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 PUFA and obesity: from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system

et al. 2018

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The current paradigms of prevention and treatment are unable to curb obesity rates, which indicates the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. Obesity leads to several damages to the body and is an important risk factor for a number of other chronic diseases. Furthermore, despite the first alterations in obesity being observed and reported in peripheral tissues, studies indicate that obesity can also cause brain damage. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and the therapeutic manipulation of inflammation can be explored. In this context, the use of n-3 PUFA (especially in the form of fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA) may be an interesting strategy, as this substance is known by its anti-inflammatory effect and numerous benefits to the body, such as reduction of TAG, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure and platelet aggregation, and has shown potential to help treat obesity. Thereby, the aim of this narrative review was to summarise the literature related to n-3 PUFA use in obesity treatment. First, the review provides a brief description of the obesity pathophysiology, including alterations that occur in peripheral tissues and at the central nervous system. In the sequence, we describe what are n-3 PUFA, their sources and their general effects. Finally, we explore the main topic linking obesity and n-3 PUFA. Animal and human studies were included and alterations on the whole organism were described (peripheral tissues and brain).

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Inflammatory gene expression in whole blood cells after EPA vs. DHA supplementation: Results from the ComparED study

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention

Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention

Marine Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids for Cardiovascular Health: An Update for 2020

n-3 PUFA and obesity: from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system

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