Nudge me, help my baby: on other-regarding nudges

M’hamdi, Hafez Ismaili; Hilhorst, Medard; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Beaufort, Inez de

doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103656

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Other scholars have nevertheless expressed optimism about new understandings of the breadth of what can be considered ‘maternal exposure’. Taking into account mothers’ lives prior to child-bearing, rather than focusing only on women’s individual actions during their reproductive windows, may help to better support the health of vulnerable populations throughout the lifespan (M’hamdi et al, 2017; Shields, 2017). By providing evidence that public policies aimed at improving social and economic factors can have tangible impacts on biology, epigenetic research can affect the direction of health interventions while simultaneously respecting the best interests of parents and children (Wallack and Thornburg, 2016; White and Wastell, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics, ethics, law and society: A multidisciplinary review of descriptive, instrumental, dialectical and reflexive analyses

2019

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Epigenetics, defined as ‘the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence’, has emerged as a promissory yet controversial field of scientific inquiry over the past decade. Scholars from many disciplines have formulated both optimistic and cautionary claims regarding its potential normative implications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the nascent literature at the crossroads of epigenetics, ethics, law and society. It describes nine emerging areas of discussion, relating to (1) the impact of epigenetics on the nature versus nurture dualism, (2) the potential resulting biologization of the social, (3) the meaning of epigenetics for public health, its potential influence on (4) reproduction and parenting, (5) political theory and (6) legal proceedings, and concerns regarding (7) stigmatization and discrimination, (8) privacy protection and (9) knowledge translation. While there is some degree of similarity between the nature and content of these areas and the abundant literature on ethical, legal and social issues in genetics, the potential implications of epigenetics ought not be conflated with the latter. Critical studies on epigenetics are emerging within a separate space of bioethical and biopolitical investigations and claims, with scholars from various epistemological standpoints utilizing distinct yet complementary analytical approaches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics, ethics, law and society: A multidisciplinary review of descriptive, instrumental, dialectical and reflexive analyses

2019

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“…Social egg freezing means preserving and storing a woman’s oocytes for non-medical purposes and the trend toward social freezing has likely continued to increase with more and more centres providing this service to women who wish to preserve their gametes for deferred childbearing. Famous companies (Apple and Facebook, for example) have also started to offer egg-freezing benefits to female employees as a nudge policy to encourage people to make healthier choices (Ismaili M'hamdi et al 2017; Zoll et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding social oocyte freezing in Italy: a scoping survey on university female students’ awareness and attitudes

Tozzo

Fassina

Nespeca

et al. 2019

Life Sci Soc Policy

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In Western countries, a social trend toward delaying childbearing has been observed in women of reproductive age for the last two decades. This delay is due to different factors related to lifestyle, such as the development of a professional career or the absence of the right partner. As a consequence, women who defer childbearing may find themselves affected by age-related infertility when they decide to conceive. Fertility preservation techniques are, therefore, proposed as a solution for these women. Among all possible solutions, social freezing is an alternative strongly discussed from a scientific, social and ethical point of view. A survey among 930 female students at the University of Padova (Italy) investigated their knowledge and attitudes on social egg freezing and their potential intentions regarding this procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the level of awareness of age-related infertility in Italian young women and their attitudes regarding acceptable indications for elective oocyte freezing, their potential personal use, the circumstances in which they would then decide to use cryopreserved eggs, and their attitudes towards cost coverage and oocyte donation. Data collected in this study revealed some important points about young women and their knowledge about social oocyte freezing in Italy as compared to other European countries and the United States. Overall, 34.3% of the students reported having heard about the possibility of oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons and being aware of the meaning of this procedure; only 19.5% were in favour of social egg freezing and 48.4% thought that the cost for this procedure should be borne entirely by the woman herself. Regarding egg donation, the majority of students (64.9%) would not accept donating their eggs to a known woman or couple and 42.5% would instead accept donating to a biobank. Our study shows that young Italian women are significantly less aware of age-related decline in fertility and the possibility of using social egg freezing compared to their similarly situated counterparts in other Western countries.

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“…I will, in line with the definition used by Ismaili M'hamdi and co-workers, define weak other-regarding nudges as: 'when the principal but not necessarily sole beneficiary of the nudge is not the nudgee' but others. 25 Thus, the principal consideration is to benefit others. Strong other-regarding nudges are those nudges for which the sole beneficiary of the nudge is not the nudgee.…”

Section: Other-regarding Nudges and The Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nudging for others’ sake: An ethical analysis of the legitimacy of nudging healthcare workers to accept influenza immunization

Hoven

2020

Bioethics

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A core idea underlying nudging is that it helps individuals to achieve their own goals, yet many nudges actually aim at collective goals or specifically target the benefit of others. An example is nudging healthcare workers to be vaccinated against influenza. I distinguish between self‐regarding nudges, which primarily benefit the nudgee, and other‐regarding nudges, which mainly benefit others, and argue that the default justificatory reason to legitimize self‐regarding nudges, namely the ‘as judged by themselves’ standard, does not apply and that we need to look for other justifications. I examine several possible moral justifications to support strong other‐regarding nudges, namely beneficence, the harm principle and solidarity.

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Nudge me, help my baby: on other-regarding nudges

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Epigenetics, ethics, law and society: A multidisciplinary review of descriptive, instrumental, dialectical and reflexive analyses

Epigenetics, ethics, law and society: A multidisciplinary review of descriptive, instrumental, dialectical and reflexive analyses

Understanding social oocyte freezing in Italy: a scoping survey on university female students’ awareness and attitudes

Nudging for others’ sake: An ethical analysis of the legitimacy of nudging healthcare workers to accept influenza immunization

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