Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE): developing and testing a measurement instrument

Williams, Anne M.; Lester, Leanne; Bulsara, Caroline; Petterson, Anna; Bennett, Kellie; Allen, Emily; Joske, David

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012999

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The cumulative score will be used in the analysis, ranging from 12 to 60; a high score meaning a high level of experienced emotional comfort. High Cronbach α coefficients (between 0.74 and 0.88) have been reported for the PEECE scale in previous studies [19]. Physical comfort will be measured by a single item question asking the patient student about the perceived comfort of the bed bath on a ten-point Likert scale ranging from "very uncomfortable" to "very comfortable".…”

Section: Primary Outcome Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The primary outcomes related to patient students are experienced emotional and physical comfort, which will be measured using validated scales. To measure emotional comfort, the 12-item Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE) scale will be used [19]. Patient students need to indicate to what extent they experienced certain feelings during the bed bath (relaxed, valued, safe, calm, cared for, at ease, like smiling, energized, content, in control, informed, thankful) on a five-point scale.…”

Section: Primary Outcome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of washing without water versus the traditional bed bath with water and soap on comfort and physical demands: protocol of a cross-over randomized trial

Groven

Zwakhalen

Odekerken‐Schröder

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The traditional bed bath with water and soap often leads to emotional and physical discomfort among bedridden patients. In addition, the traditional bed bath is physically demanding for nurses. The washing without water concept is increasingly used in healthcare to bathe bedridden patients and is likely to affect emotional and physical comfort dimensions. This protocol describes a study that will assess how washing without water performs compared to the traditional bed bath regarding emotional and physical comfort experienced by the bathed bedridden person and regarding physical demands for the provider of the bed bath.Methods This study uses a randomized cross-over design in which nursing students will simulate the bed baths of patients in a laboratory setting. Students will be randomly allocated to a patient or a nurse group and consequently will respectively receive or provide two bed baths: the traditional bed bath and a washing without water bed bath. The order of the bed baths will be randomly determined. Students will receive instructions about the steps of the bathing methods and case descriptions about their role as a patient or nurse. Questionnaires will be used before and after each bed bath to collect data for the primary outcomes of experienced emotional and physical comfort (among students receiving the bed bath) and physical demands (among students providing the bed bath); and, for secondary outcomes related to bed bathing preferences, grades given to the bathing methods and perceived importance of the bed bath. Differences between the two bathing methods will be analyzed, taking the order of the bed baths into account.Discussion This study will add to the scientific knowledge of the washing without water bed bath, for which evidence on comfort is currently lacking. If differences in comfort between washing without water and the traditional bed bath are detected among nursing students, it is likely these differences will also be present among actual patients and nurses, as generally, patients are more vulnerable and nurses spend more time bathing patients compared to students.

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Section: Primary Outcome Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Primary Outcome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of washing without water versus the traditional bed bath with water and soap on comfort and physical demands: protocol of a cross-over randomized trial

Groven

Zwakhalen

Odekerken‐Schröder

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among student patients, the following primary outcomes were measured. First, emotional comfort during the bed bath among student patients was measured using the validated Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE) scale for which Cronbach α values between 0.74–0.88 have been reported (Williams et al, 2017 ). The PEECE scale consists of 12 items, each related to a positive feeling, which needed to be answered on a 5‐point Likert scale, ranging from one (not at all experienced) to five (very much experienced) after each bed bath.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comfort during the bed bath—A randomised crossover trial on the effect of washing without water versus water and soap in nursing students

Groven

Zwakhalen

Odekerken‐Schröder

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives To compare the washing without water method with the water and soap method regarding comfort perceptions of the bed bath. Background Bathing affects nurses’ and care recipients’ comfort. Bedridden care recipients can be bathed in bed with water and soap or with washing without water products. Little is known about the differences between these two bed bath methods regarding comfort perceptions among care recipients and nurses. Design Crossover randomised laboratory‐controlled trial, conducted from March 2018–November 2019, according to the CONSORT guidelines. Methods Nursing students were randomly allocated roles as a patient (who received both types of bed baths) or a nurse (who provided both types of bed baths). Also, the order in which the bed baths were received/provided was randomised. A total of 97 students were included in the analysis. Student patients filled out the Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE) scale to measure emotional comfort and a single‐item question on physical comfort after each bed bath. Student nurses filled out the Physical Demands scale after each bed bath to measure their physical comfort perceptions. Results No differences were found between the two bed bathing methods regarding student patients’ emotional or physical comfort levels. Among student nurses, the washing without water method was less physically demanding than the water and soap method. Conclusions Taking into account time‐efficiency and physical comfort for nurses, washing without water seems to be a valuable alternative to water and soap from a care recipient comfort perspective, which should be assessed in a clinical setting in future research. Relevance to clinical practice The washing without water method is less physically demanding for nurses and takes less time. It does not have a detrimental effect on care recipients’ emotional and physical comfort. The trial is registered at http://www.trialregister.nl (ID = NL6787).

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“…Therefore, it is necessary for nurses as the main instructors before and after transplantation to have sufficient knowledge about this issue and to give appropriate answers to the questions and concerns of patients. [ 12 ] Awareness of mental issues and emotional compatibility processes among patients due to receiving a new heart leads to deeper recognition of these patients in performing facilitative interventions. [ 13 ] Although the concept of adjustment in patients undergoing heart transplantation is an important issue in nursing, no specific attention has been given to it and only a limited number of studies have been conducted on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment to a new heart: Concept analysis using a hybrid model

Asgari

Jackson

Bahramnezhad

2021

Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res

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Background: Although the phenomenon of adjustment to a new heart in transplant recipients is very complex, very few studies have been conducted on this important issue. Therefore, no careful and clear definition exists for this concept. Materials and Methods: This concept analysis was conducted in Iran in 2018 on 13 patients undergoing heart transplantation. In the theoretical phase, a conceptual framework was created according to the existing data in the literature about the phenomenon. In this study, 13 participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum diversity.-Ž In the fieldwork phase, 20 deep and semistructured interviews were conducted with patients undergoing heart transplantation over 4 months. After data saturation, interviews were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method proposed by Granheim and Lundman (2009). At the final analytical phase, the results of the two previous phases were integrated using a hybrid model. Results: Adjustment to a new heart is a unique multiphase process in patients undergoing heart transplantation. The antecedents include the transplantation time, physical conditions, social and family support, relationship with congeners, and spiritual beliefs. The desirable consequences of adjustment to a new heart may include a new life, inner peace, and spiritual excellence, and the undesirable consequences may include psychological abuse and emotional stagnation. Conclusions: According to the results, the health-care team should consider the patient as a unique client and initiate discussions before and following heart transplantation that address patients' adjustment to a new heart in all their physical, sexual, and emotional aspects.

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Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE): developing and testing a measurement instrument

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

The effects of washing without water versus the traditional bed bath with water and soap on comfort and physical demands: protocol of a cross-over randomized trial

The effects of washing without water versus the traditional bed bath with water and soap on comfort and physical demands: protocol of a cross-over randomized trial

Comfort during the bed bath—A randomised crossover trial on the effect of washing without water versus water and soap in nursing students

Adjustment to a new heart: Concept analysis using a hybrid model

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