Optogenetic inhibition of behavior with anion channelrhodopsins

Mohammad, Farhan; Stewart, James; Ott, Stanislav; Chlebikova, Katarina; Chua, Jia Yi; Koh, Tong-Wey; Ho, Joses; Claridge‐Chang, Adam

doi:10.1038/nmeth.4148

Cited by 225 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…2A). We also observed similar behavioral results with optogenetic inhibition, by expressing the algal Guillardia theta anion channelrhodopsins (GtACRs) with strong DN1 and E cell drivers (30). The data indicate that the gDN1s are necessary and sufficient to inhibit activity and promote sleep, especially in the middle of the day.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Temporal calcium profiling of specific circadian neurons in freely moving flies

Guo

Xiao

Rosbash

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There are no general methods for reliably assessing the firing properties or even calcium profiles of specific neurons in freely moving flies. To this end, we adapted a GFP-based calcium reporter to luciferase that was expressed in small subsets of circadian neurons. This Tric-LUC reporter allowed a direct comparison of luciferase activity with locomotor activity, which was assayed in the same flies with video recording. The LUC profile from activitypromoting E cells paralleled evening locomotor activity, and the LUC profile from sleep-promoting glutamatergic DN1s (gDN1s) paralleled daytime sleep. Similar profiles were generated by novel reporters recently identified based on transcription factor activation. As E cell and gDN1 activity is necessary and sufficient for normal evening locomotor activity and daytime sleep profiles, respectively, we suggest that their luciferase profiles reflect their neuronal calcium and in some cases firing profiles in wake-behaving flies.circadian | sleep | Drosophila | optogenetics | calcium

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Temporal calcium profiling of specific circadian neurons in freely moving flies

Guo

Xiao

Rosbash

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…[23][24][25][26] For inhibition, the anion conducting GtACR2 was used, which efficiently suppresses neural activity in response to blue light, 22 and has been used in previous studies to control Drosophila larval locomotion and to study the visual system. 27,28 In contrast to more traditional genetic inhibitors such as tetanus toxin, 29 and temperature sensitive dynamin proteins (shibire TS ), 30 GtACR2 enables fast, reversible inhibition at low light intensities from 2 µW mm -2 upwards. 27 Figure 1c compares the activation spectra of both channelrhodopsins to the electroluminescence spectrum of our OLEDs.…”

Section: Structured Oled Illumination For Optogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segment-Specific Optogenetic Stimulation inDrosophila melanogasterwith Linear Arrays of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Murawski

Pulver

Gather

2020

Preprint

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Optogenetics allows light-driven, non-contact control of neural systems, but light delivery remains challenging, in particular when fine spatial control of light is required to achieve local specificity. Here, we employ organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that are micropatterned into linear arrays to obtain precise optogenetic control in Drosophila melanogaster larvae expressing the light-gated activator CsChrimson and the inhibitor GtACR2 within their peripheral sensory system. Our method allows confinement of light stimuli to within individual abdominal segments, which facilitates the study of larval behaviour in response to local sensory input. We show controlled triggering of specific crawling modes and find that targeted neurostimulation in abdominal segments switches the direction of crawling. More broadly, our work demonstrates how OLEDs can provide tailored patterns of light for photo-stimulation of neuronal networks, with future implications ranging from mapping neuronal connectivity in cultures to targeted photo-stimulation with pixelated OLED implants in vivo.

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“…To test the implications of this organization for behavior, we used optogenetics to alter motor neuron activity in tethered, walking flies. We focused a green laser at the ventral thorax, at the base of the left front (T1) leg to optogenetically activate (Gal4>UAS-Chrimson, or silence (Gal4>UAS-gtACR1, Mohammad et al, 2017) each motor neuron type. As a control, we used an "empty" Gal4 driver line, which has the same genetic background but lacks Gal4 expression.…”

Section: Optogenetic Perturbation Of Single Motor Neurons Alters Walkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A size principle for leg motor control inDrosophila

Azevedo

Dickinson

Gurung

et al. 2019

Preprint

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To move the body, the brain must precisely coordinate patterns of activity among diverse populations of motor neurons. In many species, including vertebrates, the motor neurons innervating a given muscle fire in a specific order that is determined by a gradient of cellular size and electrical excitability. This hierarchy allows premotor circuits to recruit motor neurons of increasing force capacity in a task-dependent manner. However, it remains unclear whether such a size principle also applies to species with more compact motor systems, such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which has just 53 motor neurons per leg. Using in vivo calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we found that genetically-identified motor neurons controlling flexion of the fly tibia exhibit a gradient of anatomical, physiological, and functional properties consistent with the size principle. Large, fast motor neurons control high force, ballistic movements while small, slow motor neurons control low force, postural movements. Intermediate neurons fall between these two extremes. In behaving flies, motor neurons are recruited in order from slow to fast. This hierarchical organization suggests that slow and fast motor neurons control distinct motor regimes. Indeed, we find that optogenetic manipulation of each motor neuron type has distinct effects on the behavior of walking flies.

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Optogenetic inhibition of behavior with anion channelrhodopsins

Cited by 225 publications

References 42 publications

Temporal calcium profiling of specific circadian neurons in freely moving flies

Temporal calcium profiling of specific circadian neurons in freely moving flies

Segment-Specific Optogenetic Stimulation inDrosophila melanogasterwith Linear Arrays of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

A size principle for leg motor control inDrosophila

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