Guidelines for the Detection of<i>Rickettsia</i>spp.

Portillo, Aránzazu; Sousa, Rita de; Santibáñez, Sonia; Duarte, Ana M.; Edouard, Sophie; Fonseca, Isabel Pereira da; Marques, Cátia; Nováková, Markéta; Palomar, Ana M.; Santos, Marcos; Silaghi, Cornelia; Tomassone, Laura; Zúquete, Sara; Oteo, José A.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2016.1966

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Absence or a very low number of Rickettsia and Bartonella PCR-positive dogs reported here has been previously observed elsewhere [98,99], though a high prevalence of the pathogen has been detected in ectoparasites vectors [17,100]. In absence of acute infections, low blood bacterial levels could be observed for these pathogens, being detect only by cPCR [101,102].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes¹,

Cataldo²,

Martín³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprise a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential non-apparent hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more agents.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: Widespread occurrence of and co-infection by CVBP was found in rural free-ranging dogs of central Chile. This study represents the first report of Leishmania spp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or wild carnivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes¹,

Cataldo²,

Martín³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Other reports from Europe refer to infection in Haemaphysalis spp. ticks: H. punctata and H. sulcata in Spain [29,39], H. punctata in Cyprus [3] and H. parva in Turkey [20,36]. In other continents, R. hoogstraalii was associated to soft ticks [8,19,33,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Common Wall Lizards in the Transmission Dynamics of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy

et al. 2017

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During the investigations on ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) range expansion in the Northern Apennines, we captured 107 Podarcis muralis lizards. Sixtyeight animals were infested by immature Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis sulcata and H. punctata. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 3.7% of I. ricinus larvae and 8.0% of nymphs. Together with the species-specific B. lusitaniae, we identified B. garinii, B. afzelii and B. valaisiana. Rickettsia spp. (18.1% larvae, 12.0% nymphs), namely R. monacensis, R. helvetica and R. hoogstraalii, were also found in I. ricinus. R. hoogstraalii was detected in H. sulcata nymphs as well, while the two H. punctata did not harbour any bacteria. One out of 16 lizard tail tissues was positive to R. helvetica. Our results support the hypothesis that lizards are involved in the epidemiological cycles of TBP. The heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi genospecies mirrors previous findings in questing ticks in the area, and their finding in attached I. ricinus larvae suggests that lizards may contribute to the maintenance of different genospecies. The rickettsiae are new findings in the study area, and R. helvetica infection in a tail tissue indicates a systemic infection. R. hoogstraalii is reported for the first time in I. ricinus ticks. Lizards seem to favour the bacterial exchange among different tick species, with possible public health consequences.

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“…Other diagnostic tools namely ELISA and IFA have been used to detect R. typhi infection (Portillo et al, 2017). However, long-term reliance on serological tests and microscopy has led to underdiagnosis, inappropriate therapy, and undocumented morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA extracted from each flea was tested by conventional PCR RpCS.1258n: ATTGCAA AAAGTACAGTGAACA respectively (Macrogen Humanizing Genomics, Republic of Korea). This amplifies a 381 bp fragment of the citrate synthase encoding gene (gltA) for R. typhi (Regnery et al, 1991;Webb et al, 1990;Portillo et al, 2017). DNA amplification was done in a total volume of 17 µl using Taq polymerase (Cycler (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, Conn).…”

Section: Pcr Amplification Of R Typhi Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Rickettsia typhi in rodent fleas from areas with and without previous history of plague in Mbulu district, Tanzania

Thomas¹,

Katakweba²,

Massawe³

et al. 2020

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Murine (endemic) typhus is a flea-borne infectious disease caused by Rickettsia typhi. The disease transmission cycle has similarities to that of Yersinia pestis causing plague. It is hypothesized that murine typhus is prevalent in areas with plague transmission. This study aims at detection of R. typhi in rodent fleas by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A cross sectional study was carried out in Mbulu district in villages with, and without previous history of plague from November 2018 to February 2019. Sherman ® traps were set in forest and agricultural habitats while box traps were set inside houses. Captured rodents were anaesthetized using halothane and fleas were removed from the fur using a hard brush and preserved in 70% ethanol. PCR amplification of the targeted citrate synthase (gltA) gene of R. typhi was done using primers RpCS.877p and RpCS.1258n. 12 (24%) of the DNA from rodent fleas was positive for R. typhi. Of these, 5 (10%) and 2 (4%) were from farms and forests with previous plague history respectively, while 3 (6%) and 2 (4%) were from houses and farms with no previous plague history, respectively. This suggests the prevalence of murine typhus is independent of plague infections.

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Guidelines for the Detection ofRickettsiaspp.

Cited by 73 publications

References 55 publications

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Importance of Common Wall Lizards in the Transmission Dynamics of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy

Prevalence of Rickettsia typhi in rodent fleas from areas with and without previous history of plague in Mbulu district, Tanzania

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