In vivostudy on the biocompatibility of chitosan–hydroxyapatite film depending on degree of deacetylation

Abstract

Chitosan, produced from chitin, is one of the polymers with promising applications in various fields. However, despite diverse research studies conducted on its biocompatibility, its uses are still limited. The main reason is the degree of deacetylation (DOD), which represents the proportion of deacetylated units in the polymer and is directly correlated with its biocompatibility property. In this article, the in vivo biocompatibility of three chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite films composed of chitosan with different DOD values was investigated by traditional biological protocols and novel optical spectroscopic analyses. The DOD of the chitosan obtained from three different manufacturers was estimated and calculated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chitosan with the higher DOD induced a higher incidence of inflammation in skin cells. The amino group density, biodegradability, and crystallinity of chitosan are the three possible factors that need to be considered when determining the biocompatibility of the films for in vivo application, as they led to complicated biological results, resulting in either better or worse inflammation even when using chitosan products with the same DOD. This basic study on the relationship between the DOD and inflammation is valuable for the development of further chitosan-based researches. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1637-1645, 2017.

Development of Electrospun Chitosan-Polyethylene Oxide/Fibrinogen Biocomposite for Potential Wound Healing Applications

“…Younes et al demonstrated bladder carcinoma cells treated with CS (> 50% DA) significantly reduced viability after 24 h, suggesting CS cytotoxicity is directly related to its DA which can impact proliferation [ 45 ]. This effect may also be isolated to in vitro experimental conditions; previous studies have shown CS to be non-toxic in vivo, as its biodegradation products could be cleared through metabolic pathways [ 46 ]. Residual HFIP from the electrospinning process may also contribute to the observed cytotoxicity.…”

The interaction of chitosan and BMP‐2 tuned by deacetylation degree and pH value

“…Bojar et al discovered that trabecular bone formation around a CS/β‐tri‐calcium phosphate with a 95% DD bone graft with no the inflammatory response. However, Jeong et al reported that CS with a higher DD value results in a high level of inflammation in skin cells. Heretofore, there is still no consistent conclusion on the biological effect of CS with DDs.…”

“…Chitin has a lower biocompatibility than CS, because it contains a high amount of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. 12 On the other hand, a DD value above 50% implies that the copolymer is CS due to the higher ratio of D-glucosamine units. 13 Recently, utilizing CS with different DDs for drug adsorption has attracted extensive research attention.…”

Electrospun Biomaterials in the Treatment and Prevention of Scars in Skin Wound Healing

“…This is an interesting observation, and so should be factored into the rational for novel wound healing devices. However, it is suggested that this observation may be unique to in vitro experimentation, as prior studies using chitosan observed negligible toxic effect in vivo, linked with metabolic clearance of biodegradation products (Kean and Thanou, 2010;Jeong et al, 2017).…”