Genomic islands 1 and 2 carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235, ST253, ST111 and ST175 and are globally dispersed

Abstract

to that of the widely spread Tn1548-bearing plasmid pMDR-ZJ06 (Rep3 family), with the gene cassette aac(3 0)-II being replaced by aacA4 and catB8 (accession no. CP001938). The K. pneumoniae strain belongs to MLST sequence type 307 (ST307) and harboured a 20 kb plasmid (IncF) that was not investigated further. This study demonstrates that pan-aminoglycoside resistance may be acquired by P. aeruginosa following the transfer of Tn1548 on Pseudomonas-specific plasmids such as pOZ176. Whether the Tn1548 module was transmitted in vivo from K. pneumoniae or A. baumannii is unknown. However, the observation that a patient may be colonized with several phylogenetically different ArmA-producing bacteria highlights the diffusion potentials of Tn1548 among Gram-negative species and reinforces the need to screen for 16S rRNA methylases not only in Acinetobacter and Enterobacteriaceae species, but also in P. aeruginosa. A high resistance to arbekacin (MIC. 256 mg/L) may serve as an indicator of methylase production prior to the use of molecular biology methods.

Human gut microbiota evaluation and comparation after the separate or combined antibiotics exposure using the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME)

“…Additionally, this study, for the rst time, revealed that POL treatment caused a bloom of Pseudomonas and Bi dobacterium, while combination treatment (AMX and POL) caused the enrichment of Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. Bi dobacterium intrinsically carries ARGs such as ermx and tetw, and Pseudomonas possesses mexf, aada6, and blap1b, which make them inherently resistant to MLSB, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactam antibiotics, and consequently pose a signi cant therapeutic challenge [70][71][72][73]. All of the above ndings supported the positive correlations between the abundances of Bi dobacterium and Pseudomonas with ARGs in our study.…”

Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

“…GI/ICE appear to be particularly important in relation to resistance in P. aeruginosa, including high-risk clones (425), often carrying cassette-borne genes in class 1 In/Tn, sometimes inserted within Tn21 subfamily transposons. pKLC102/PAPI-1 and PAGI-2/ PAGI-3 (P. aeruginosa pathogenicity/genomic island)-type ICE are integrated into tRNA Lys and tRNA Gly genes, respectively (426,427).…”

“…It is not clear whether a GI designated GI1 (different from PAGI-1), inserted into the endA gene, would also be classified as an ICE. Variants with different class 1 In/Tn structures associated with Tn1403, or remnants of it, carry bla VIM-1 and other cassettes (425,428,(432)(433)(434).…”

Involvement of β-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in Bacterial Genomic Islands and Their Horizontal Transfer to Protists

“…The GIs in some bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can lead to the emergence of strains that are resistant to various antibiotics (55). It was demonstrated previously that P. aeruginosa (isolate ST235) contains Tn6162 and Tn6163 in GI1 and GI2, respectively, which function together as multiple-antibiotic-resistant cassettes.…”