Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) outbreaks: protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016

Adlhoch, Cornelia; Brown, Ian H.; Angelova, Svetla; Bálint, Ádám; Bouwstra, Ruth; Buda, Silke; Castrucci, Maria Rita; Dabrera, Gavin; Dán, Ádám; Grund, Christian; Harder, Timm C.; Hoek, Wim van der; Krisztalovics, Katalin; Parry-Ford, Frances; Popescu, Rodica; Wallensten, Anders; Zdravkova, Anna; Zohari, Siamak; Tsolova, Svetla; Penttinen, Pasi

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.49.30419

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous studies indicate that timely and effective prophylaxis in infected poultry minimizes the possibility of human infections . However, the evidence of transmission to depopulation workers, particularly with preventive measures, is still limited . Thus, a surveillance program for humans at risk is crucial to evaluate and prevent human transmission in the event of an HPAI virus epizootic outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low risk of avian influenza A (H5N6) transmission to depopulation workers in Korea

Ryu

Lim

Cowling

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N6) virus occurred between November 20, 2016, and March 1, 2017 in poultry farms, in the Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. To identify the risk of transmission of H5N6 to depopulation workers, active and passive surveillance was conducted. Virological testing of respiratory swabs with real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed for workers who reported respiratory symptoms. Among 4633 depopulation workers, 22 reported respiratory symptoms, but all tested negative for H5N6. Personal protective equipment in addition to antiviral prophylaxis was adequate to limit transmission of H5N6 from poultry to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low risk of avian influenza A (H5N6) transmission to depopulation workers in Korea

Ryu

Lim

Cowling

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Adlhoch et al., Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) outbreaks: protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016 (Eurosurveillance).…”

Section: Appendix C – Guidance Documents Describing Prevention Measurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urgent request on avian influenza

More¹,

Bicout²,

Bøtner

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 is currently causing an epizootic in Europe, infecting many poultry holdings as well as captive and wild bird species in more than 10 countries. Given the clear clinical manifestation, passive surveillance is considered the most effective means of detecting infected wild and domestic birds. Testing samples from new species and non-previously reported areas is key to determine the geographic spread of HPAIV H5N8 2016 in wild birds. Testing limited numbers of dead wild birds in previously reported areas is useful when it is relevant to know whether the virus is still present in the area or not, e.g. before restrictive measures in poultry are to be lifted. To prevent introduction of HPAIV from wild birds into poultry, strict biosecurity implemented and maintained by the poultry farmers is the most important measure. Providing holding-specific biosecurity guidance is strongly recommended as it is expected to have a high impact on the achieved biosecurity level of the holding. This is preferably done during peace time to increase preparedness for future outbreaks. The location and size of control and in particular monitoring areas for poultry associated with positive wild bird findings are best based on knowledge of the wider habitat and flight distance of the affected wild bird species. It is recommended to increase awareness among poultry farmers in these established areas in order to enhance passive surveillance and to implement enhanced biosecurity measures including poultry confinement. There is no scientific evidence suggesting a different effectiveness of the protection measures on the introduction into poultry holdings and subsequent spread of HPAIV when applied to H5N8, H5N1 or other notifiable HPAI viruses.

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“…However, this report suggested that exposed persons should wear personal protective equipment (PPE), be followed up after exposure, and be provided with antiviral prophylaxis according to national guidelines ( 26 ). A first rapid follow-up assessment in 8 EU countries affected in 2014–15 that continued through December 2016 showed a heterogeneous implementation of control measures ( 27 ). As the outbreak continued, many more EU countries were affected, and ECDC received questions regarding optimal control measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17

Adlhoch¹,

Dabrera²,

Penttinen³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We sought to better understand national approaches for managing potential human health risks during outbreaks of infection with avian influenza A(H5N8) virus during 2016–17. Twenty-three countries in the Union/European Economic Area and Israel participated in this study. Risk to the general public was assessed as low in 18 countries and medium in 1 country. Of 524 exposed persons identified, 274 were passively monitored and 250 were actively monitored. Of 29 persons tested, all were negative for H5N8 virus. Vaccination and antiviral drug recommendations varied across countries. A high level of personal protection was recommended although a low risk was assessed. No transmission of this virus to humans was identified.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) outbreaks: protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Low risk of avian influenza A (H5N6) transmission to depopulation workers in Korea

Low risk of avian influenza A (H5N6) transmission to depopulation workers in Korea

Urgent request on avian influenza

Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17

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