Nine samples of Xylopia rubescens Oliv. (Annonaceae) trunk bark oil have been analyzed by combination of GC(RI) and 13 C NMR. The contents of the major components varied substantially from sample to sample: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-heptadeca-8,11-14-trien-2-one (14.7-33.0%), furanoguaia-1,4-diene (0-36.8%) and -pinene (0.9-29.0%). The content of a few components reached punctually an appreciable amount: -pinene (up to 10.7%), germacrene D (up to 12.0%), bicyclogermacrene (up to 10.0%) and spathulenol (up to 10.0%). X. rubescens trunk bark oil displayed a fair chemical variability.