Differences in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome During Acute Respiratory Tract Infection With Human Rhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infancy

Rosas‐Salazar, Christian; Shilts, Meghan H.; Tovchigrechko, Andrey; Schobel, Seth; Chappell, James D.; Larkin, Emma K.; Shankar, Jyoti; Yooseph, Shibu; Nelson, Karen E.; Halpin, Rebecca; Moore, Martin L.; Anderson, Larry J.; Peebles, R. Stokes; Das, Suman; Hartert, Tina V.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw456

Cited by 92 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, children who experience a large number of URIs tend to have lower NP community richness and diversity than children who experience fewer URIs, suggesting a high frequency of disturbance can have persistent effects. Different patterns can be expected to arise as a consequence of different infections; human rhinovirus (HRV) depresses community richness less than does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (Rosas-Salazar et al, 2016). …”

Section: Pathogens As Disturbance: Mechanisms Of Interplay Between Homentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Proctor

Relman

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

159

152

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Landscape ecology examines the relationships between the spatial arrangement of different landforms and the processes that give rise to spatial and temporal patterns in local community structure. These relationships that underlie the patterns of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body, and in particular, those of the nose, mouth and throat, deserve greater attention. Important questions include what defines the size of a population (i.e., ‘patch’) in a given body site; what defines the boundaries of distinct patches within a single body site, and where and over what spatial scales within a body site are gradients detected. This review looks at the landscape ecology in the upper respiratory tract and mouth, and seeks greater clarity about the physiological factors, whether immunological, chemical or physical, that govern microbial community composition and function, and the ecological traits that underlie health and disease.

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Section: Pathogens As Disturbance: Mechanisms Of Interplay Between Homentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Proctor

Relman

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

159

152

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“…In recent years, we and others have demonstrated that the upper airway bacterial microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis and pulmonary sequelae of viral ARIs. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] For example, several studies in murine models have shown that priming of the nasal mucosa with certain taxa (such as Lactobacillus species) increases the resistance and beneficially modulates the immune response of mice against RSV, influenza, and pneumonia virus. 9,10 In a recent study of young children with RSV ARI, higher nasopharyngeal abundances of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus were associated with a more proinflammatory immune response and a higher risk of hospitalization.…”

Section: Abbreviations Used Ari: Acute Respiratory Infection Inspire:mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Lactobacillus is associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy

Rosas‐Salazar

Shilts

Tovchigrechko

et al. 2018

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Background Early life acute respiratory infection (ARI) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been strongly associated with the development of childhood wheezing illnesses, but the pathways underlying this association are poorly understood. Objective To examine the role of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in the development of childhood wheezing illnesses following RSV ARI in infancy. Methods We conducted a nested cohort study of 118 previously healthy, term infants with confirmed RSV ARI by RT-PCR. We used next-generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiome during RSVARI. Our main outcome of interest was 2-year subsequent wheeze. Results Of the 118 infants, 113 (95.8%) had 2-year outcome data. Of these, 46 (40.7%) had parental report of subsequent wheeze. There was no association between the overall taxonomic composition, diversity, and richness of the nasopharyngeal microbiome during RSV ARI with the development of subsequent wheeze. However, the nasopharyngeal detection and abundance of Lactobacillus was consistently higher in infants who did not develop this outcome. Lactobacillus also ranked first among the different genera in a model distinguishing infants with and without subsequent wheeze. Conclusions The nasopharyngeal detection and increased abundance of Lactobacillus during RSV ARI in infancy are associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses at age 2 years.

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“…A recent prospective study investigated the differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory tract infections due to human rhinovirus or RSV in 135 infants aged less than 6 months [38]. By contrast to previous studies, S. aureus was not found among the most abundant bacteria.…”

Section: Impact Of Viral Infections In the Respiratory Tract On Staphmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast to previous studies, S. aureus was not found among the most abundant bacteria. However, the difference of S. aureus abundance was significantly higher in RSV than in rhinovirus-infected infants [38]. Another prospective study investigated the nasopharyngeal microbiota in young infants with RSV infections by 16S-RNA sequencing; the authors found that RSV infection was positively associated with H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae , but negatively associated with S. aureus nasopharyngeal colonization [39].…”

Section: Impact Of Viral Infections In the Respiratory Tract On Staphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus colonization and non-influenza respiratory viruses: Interactions and synergism mechanisms

et al. 2018

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Viral infections of the respiratory tract can be complicated by bacterial superinfection, resulting in a significantly longer duration of illness and even a fatal outcome. In this review, we focused on interactions between S. aureus and non-influenza viruses. Clinical data evidenced that rhinovirus infection may increase the S. aureus carriage load in humans and its spread. In children, respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with S. aureus carriage. The mechanisms by which some non-influenza respiratory viruses predispose host cells to S. aureus superinfection can be summarized in three categories: i) modifying expression levels of cellular patterns involved in S. aureus adhesion and/or internalization, ii) inducing S. aureus invasion of epithelial cells due to the disruption of tight junctions, and iii) decreasing S. aureus clearance by altering the immune response. The comprehension of pathways involved in S. aureus-respiratory virus interactions may help developing new strategies of preventive and curative therapy.

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Differences in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome During Acute Respiratory Tract Infection With Human Rhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infancy

Cited by 92 publications

References 15 publications

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Nasopharyngeal Lactobacillus is associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy

Staphylococcus aureus colonization and non-influenza respiratory viruses: Interactions and synergism mechanisms

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