Characterization of Chemical Compounds with Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities in Bougainvillea x buttiana Holttum and Standl, (var. Rose) Extracts

Abstract

Bougainvillea is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat several diseases. This study was designed to characterize the chemical constituents of B. x buttiana extracts with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using different solvents. The extraction solvents used were as follows: distilled water (dH2O), methanol (MeOH), acetone (DMK), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane (Hex) (100%) at an extraction temperature of 26 °C. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in the B. x buttiana extracts included the application of common phytochemical screening assays, GC-MS analysis, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant assays. The results show that the highest extraction yield was observed with water and methanol. The maximum total phenolic content amount and highest antioxidant potential were obtained when extraction with methanol was used. With the exceptions of water and ethanol extractions, all other extracts showed cytotoxicity ranging between 31% and 50%. The prevailing compounds in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone solvents were as follows: 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (2), 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydrophenyl)-(E)- (3), and 3-O-methyl-d-glucose (6). By contrast, the major components in the experiments using solvents such as EtOH, DMK, EtOAc, DCM, and Hex were n-hexadecanoic acid (8), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (12); 9-octadecenoic acid (E)- (13), and stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (28).

Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Plant Materials Using SLE-SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS Method

“…But, the correlations obtained for the materials were different. Variation in the contents of various extracts is attributed to polarities of different compounds present in the plants and such differences have been reported in the literature (Abarca-Vargas et al 2016).…”

Association Between Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents in Artocarpus Heterophyllus (Jackfruit) Bark and Leaf Extracts and Lipoxygenase Inhibition

“…Conventionally, phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds can be extracted by reflux extraction or Soxhlet extraction [12]. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were chosen for the extraction because each solvent has a different polarity, with the polarity index of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol being 0, 4.4, and 5.2, respectively [13]. Therefore, the solvents used in stages from the lowest polarity were n-hexane, followed by ethyl acetate, and finally ethanol.…”

Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activity of Laurus nobilis L Grown in Saudi Arabia

“…Our findings are in agreement with previous reports which show that the extraction yields increased with increasing polarity of solvents 18,19 . It is known that plants possess a wide variety of bioactive compounds, which exhibit different solubility properties with different solvents, hence screening with different solvent helps identify the most appropriate solvent for biological studies 19,20 .…”