The Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplements Alone or With Vitamin D on Cholesterol Metabolism

Chen, Chunlan; Song, Ge; Li, Shengxu; Wu, Lang; Liu, Tingting; Li, Changwei

doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000379

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A systematic review of calcium supplementation and lipid metabolism reported that calcium supplementation reduced LDL cholesterol [−0.12 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.22 to −0.02)] and increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol [0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.10) [63]. The authors explained that possible mechanisms of these effects by the increase in dietary calcium include the suppression of calcitrophic hormones that reduce intracellular calcium in adipocytes, thus stimulating lipogenesis and lipid storage [63]. Besides, dietary calcium may decrease serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol and saturated fatty acid absorption [64].…”

Section: Other Effects Of Calcium Intake On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Intake and Health

2019

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There are striking inequities in calcium intake between rich and poor populations. Appropriate calcium intake has shown many health benefits, such as reduction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, lower blood pressure particularly among young people, prevention of osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas, lower cholesterol values, and lower blood pressure in the progeny of mothers taking sufficient calcium during pregnancy. Studies have refuted some calcium supplementation side effects like damage to the iron status, formation of renal stones and myocardial infarction in older people. Attention should be given to bone resorption in post-partum women after calcium supplementation withdrawal. Mechanisms linking low calcium intake and blood pressure are mediated by parathyroid hormone raise that increases intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to vasoconstriction. At the population level, an increase of around 400–500 mg/day could reduce the differences in calcium intake between high- and middle-low-income countries. The fortification of food and water seems a possible strategy to reach this goal.

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Section: Other Effects Of Calcium Intake On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Intake and Health

2019

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“…Finally, vitamin D has been reported to affect the lipid profile 10 . Nevertheless, this has not been confirmed from interventional studies, which present contradicting outcomes 45,46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dietary vitamin D intake, cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a sex‐based analysis from the ATTICA cohort study

Kouvari

Panagiotakos

Chrysοhoou

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 10-year first fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), conventional CVD risk factors and surrogate markers related to inflammation, coagulation, insulin resistance, liver and renal function. Methods: The ATTICA study was conducted during 2001-2012 including 1514 men and 1528 women (aged >18 years) from the greater Athens area, Greece. Dietary assessment was based on a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of vitamin D was calculated using a standardised food database. Follow-up (2011-2012) was achieved in 2020 participants (n = 317 cases). Results: Ranking from first to third vitamin D tertile, CVD events were 24%, 17% and 12% for men (P = 0.002) and 14%, 10% and 11% for women (P = 0.59). Inverse associations between vitamin D and CVD in total sample [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60-0.97] and in men (HR = 0.66 95% CI = 0.49-0.89) were observed, and lost after adjusting for inflammation/coagulation markers; for women, no significant trends were observed. Regarding 10-year onset of conventional risk factors, inverse associations of vitamin D with hypertension in men (HR = 0.62 95% CI = 0.39-0.99) and transition to metabolically unhealthy status in women (HR = 0.69 95% CI = 0.51-0.93) were observed. Significant inverse associations for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and fibrinogen in both sexes, whereas these were revealed only in women for insulin resistance. Conclusions: Contradicting the neutral/modest associations in vitamin-D supplementation trials, increased food-generated vitamin D may protect against hard and intermediate CVD endpoints, implying different paths between sexes.

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“…In addition, adequate calcium intake is important for the prevention of hypertension and preeclampsia and for bone health maintenance, and it has also been associated with the reduction of renal stones, cholesterol values, and colorectal cancer. 25,29,[40][41][42][43][44] It has been reported that calcium can interfere with iron absorption in the short term; however, prolonged calcium supplementation has proven to have no effect on iron status over time. [45][46][47][48][49][50] Concerns on the potential increase in atherosclerotic vascular disease in women receiving calcium supplements, allayed by a systematic review and meta-analysis including 18 RCTs involving 63 564 elderly women participants, concluded that calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D has no effect on coronary heart disease or allcause mortality risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight Before and During Pregnancy in Women Enrolled in the WHO Calcium and Preeclampsia Trial

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Obesity is a major and challenging public health problem. The aim of this substudy is to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on body weight in women recruited in the Calcium and Preeclampsia trial. Methods: Women were recruited before pregnancy and randomized to receive a calcium supplement containing 500 mg of elemental calcium or placebo until 20 weeks’ gestation; all women received 1.5 g from 20 weeks until delivery. Results: A total of 630 women conceived during the study, 322 allocated to calcium and 308 to placebo. Among these, 230 allocated to calcium and 227 allocated to placebo had information on body weight at baseline and at 8 weeks' gestation. During the study period, women allocated to calcium had a mean weight increase of 1.1 (SD ±5.5) kg, whereas those allocated to placebo had a mean increase of 1.5 (SD ±6.1) kg, a mean difference of 0.4 kg (95% −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.6); P = .408). Women classified as obese at the start of the trial had a lower body weight gain at 8 weeks’ gestation (1.0 kg; 95% CI: −3.2 to 1.2; P = .330) and at 32 weeks’ gestation (2.1 kg; 95% CI: 5.6-1.3; P = .225) if they received calcium as compared to placebo. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The smaller increase in body weight found in women supplemented with 500 mg elemental calcium daily is quantitatively consistent with previous studies. However, in this study, the difference was not statistically significant.

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The Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplements Alone or With Vitamin D on Cholesterol Metabolism

Abstract: Calcium supplementation has beneficial effect on blood lipids. Such supplements may be useful as a nonpharmaceutical strategy in cholesterol control.

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Calcium Intake and Health

Calcium Intake and Health

Dietary vitamin D intake, cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a sex‐based analysis from the ATTICA cohort study

The Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight Before and During Pregnancy in Women Enrolled in the WHO Calcium and Preeclampsia Trial

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