Detection of Vaccinia Virus in Dairy Cattle Serum Samples from 2009, Uruguay

Franco-Luiz, Ana Paula Moreira; Oliveira, Danilo Bretas de; Pereira, Alexandre Fagundes; Gasparini, Mirela Cristina Soares; Bonjardim, Cláudio Antônio; Ferreira, Paulo César Peregrino; Trindade, Giliane de Souza; Puentes, Rodrigo; Furtado, Agustín; Abrahão, Jônatas Santos; Kroon, Erna Geessien

doi:10.3201/eid2212.160447

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During the last few years, VACV has been described in other South American countries besides Brazil. These include Argentina and Uruguay (Franco-Luiz et al, 2014, 2016b), where evidence of VACV circulation in dairy cattle has been described; and Colombia, where BV outbreaks have affected dairy workers (Usme-Ciro et al, 2017). Similar to the situation in South America, circulation of VACV has been described in Asian countries (Singh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Known Host Range of the Brazilian Vaccinia Virus: An Outbreak in Buffalo Calves

et al. 2019

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Even nearly forty years after the eradication of smallpox, members of the Poxviridae family continue to be the focus of an increasing number of studies. Among these studies, prominently stands vaccinia virus, an orthopoxvirus that is associated with bovine vaccinia outbreaks. Although more frequently associated with infections in cattle and humans, the host range of vaccinia virus is not restricted only to these hosts. There are several instances of molecular and serological evidence of circulation of vaccinia virus among wildlife species. In addition, viral isolation has confirmed a broad spectrum of vaccinia virus hosts. In this report, we provide a brief update on the host range of Brazilian vaccinia virus, and present a case description of an outbreak in domestic buffalo calves from Northeastern Brazil that corroborates previous serological and molecular studies. Furthermore, in the present study, vaccinia virus has been isolated for the first time in buffaloes, and referred to as vaccinia virus Pernambuco (VACV-PE). Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on A56R clustered VACV-PE with vaccinia virus isolates belonging to group 1 Brazilian vaccinia virus. Furthermore, the vaccinia virus genome was detected in the milk of a lactating cow, which thereby revealed a pathway for future studies on the possible impact of vaccinia virus on buffalo milk and milk products. Taken together, these results provide the first description of clinical disease caused by vaccinia virus in buffaloes in South America. They also raise new questions about the chain of transmission of this virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Known Host Range of the Brazilian Vaccinia Virus: An Outbreak in Buffalo Calves

et al. 2019

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“…The disease ecology and virus transmission chain for these strains are still poorly understood. Similarly to the Indian subcontinent, the circulation of VACV has been described in some South American countries including: Argentina [ 31 ]; Uruguay [ 32 ]; Colombia [ 33 ], and; especially in Brazil [ 34 ] ( Figure 1 ). In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the literature combined with some recent data obtained by our research group focused on the emergence of VACV in Brazil due to the preponderance of cases reported, and also because of the impact that its natural circulation is causing in this country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinia Virus Natural Infections in Brazil: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Oliveira

Figueiredo

Costa

et al. 2017

Viruses

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The orthopoxviruses (OPV) comprise several emerging viruses with great importance to human and veterinary medicine, including vaccinia virus (VACV), which causes outbreaks of bovine vaccinia (BV) in South America. Historically, VACV is the most comprehensively studied virus, however, its origin and natural hosts remain unknown. VACV was the primary component of the smallpox vaccine, largely used during the smallpox eradication campaign. After smallpox was declared eradicated, the vaccination that conferred immunity to OPV was discontinued, favoring a new contingent of susceptible individuals to OPV. VACV infections occur naturally after direct contact with infected dairy cattle, in recently vaccinated individuals, or through alternative routes of exposure. In Brazil, VACV outbreaks are frequently reported in rural areas, affecting mainly farm animals and humans. Recent studies have shown the role of wildlife in the VACV transmission chain, exploring the role of wild rodents as reservoirs that facilitate VACV spread throughout rural areas. Furthermore, VACV circulation in urban environments and the significance of this with respect to public health, have also been explored. In this review, we discuss the history, epidemiological, ecological and clinical aspects of natural VACV infections in Brazil, also highlighting alternative routes of VACV transmission, the factors involved in susceptibility to infection, and the natural history of the disease in humans and animals, and the potential for dissemination to urban environments.

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“…Moreover, evidence of VACV circulation was also found in Amazon monkeys and semi-domestic rodents, suggesting the virus is circulating in the wild [ 53 , 54 ]. More recently, VACV circulation has also been detected in cattle from Argentina, Uruguay and Colombia [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Continuing Threat Of Smallpox and Other Zoonotic Orthopoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulators to Improve Immunological Memory

Albarnaz

Torres

Smith

2018

Viruses

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The increasing frequency of monkeypox virus infections, new outbreaks of other zoonotic orthopoxviruses and concern about the re-emergence of smallpox have prompted research into developing antiviral drugs and better vaccines against these viruses. This article considers the genetic engineering of vaccinia virus (VACV) to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and safety. The virulence, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VACV strains engineered to lack specific immunomodulatory or host range proteins are described. The ultimate goal is to develop safer and more immunogenic VACV vaccines that induce long-lasting immunological memory.

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Detection of Vaccinia Virus in Dairy Cattle Serum Samples from 2009, Uruguay

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

An Update on the Known Host Range of the Brazilian Vaccinia Virus: An Outbreak in Buffalo Calves

An Update on the Known Host Range of the Brazilian Vaccinia Virus: An Outbreak in Buffalo Calves

Vaccinia Virus Natural Infections in Brazil: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Modulating Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulators to Improve Immunological Memory

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