Minimization of hepatitis B infection among children in Jiangsu, China, 12 years after integration of hepatitis B vaccine into the expanded program on immunization

Lin, Xiaoqian; Yang, Jishi; Lu, Huixia; Zhou, Yu-lin; Zhou, Guiping; Wu, Han; Xu, Chenyu; Wu, Qiuyun; Liu, Jingli; Chen, Shanshan; Yang, Minjoo; Gu, Guangyu; Hu, Yali; Zhou, Yi‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.022

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was higher than other developed regions in China. A recent study in Jiangsu province reported that 0.35% were HBsAg positive among <12 years children and no OBI in 34 children with positive anti‐HBc . In Taiwan, a cohort study of adolescents <18 years showed 4.8% prevalence of OBI in anti‐HBc‐positive subjects …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even without HB vaccine booster, the protective effects against HB can last for more than 12 years after the disappearance of anti-HBs. 19,20 Occult HBV infection was also present and was accompanied by 21 In Taiwan, a cohort study of adolescents <18 years showed 4.8% prevalence of OBI in anti-HBc-positive subjects. 11 The important risk factors for mother-to-baby transmission of HBV infection are maternal HBsAg-positive status and high HBV DNA level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 Our previous study in the same city reported that the prevalence of HBsAg in local delivered women was 7.11% and the rate of HBV mother-to-child transmission was 7.29%, which was higher than 3.6% 24 in Taiwan and 0.35% in Jiangsu. 21 In our study, 5 μg HBV vaccination policy has been implemented for all newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Shao

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Summary Although a universal newborn hepatitis B (HB) immunization programme has been implemented in China, hepatitis B virus (HBV) breakthrough infection, including HB surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive infection and occult HBV infection (OBI), still occurs during infancy or childhood. Obtaining the actual prevalence of HBV infection in general children is important for preventing and controlling the spread of HB. Accordingly, we investigated the prevalence of overt infection and OBI in community children and compared the serological and virological characteristics of OBI and HBsAg carrier children to clarify the mechanisms related to OBI. In total, 6 706 community children <12 years of age were included from a population‐based HBV seroepidemiological investigation in Northwest China. The HBsAg carrier rate in community children was 1.60% (107/6706), and the anti‐HBs positive rate was 57.35% (3846/6706). Additionally, 1192 HBsAg‐negative children were examined for OBI using nested PCR. The prevalence of OBI in local children was 1.26% (15/1192), and the predominant OBI genotypes were C and D. The 15 OBI children and 29 HBsAg‐positive children from the same population did not have a statistical significant difference in age, gender, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), proportion of anti‐HBs or anti‐HBc, viral genotypes or mutations. Children with chronic overt infection had higher viral loads than OBI children (P=.004). These results suggested that HBV overt and occult infection of children was more serious in underdeveloped north‐west regions. HBV neonatal immunization and catch‐up programmes should be strengthened and supplemented. None of specific viral mutations or genotypes related to OBI were found. OBI may be a specific stage of HBV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Shao

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…With the combined immunoprophylaxis, the chronic infection rate in children of HBeAg‐positive mothers is 5%‐12%, while that in children of HBeAg‐negative mothers only 0 to <0.3% . Therefore, it is critical to develop strategies to further reduce MTCT in infants of HBeAg‐positive mothers, although the universal vaccination of infants has significantly reduced the chronic HBV infection rate in the children …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12] Therefore, it is critical to develop strategies to further reduce MTCT in infants of HBeAg-positive mothers, although the universal vaccination of infants has significantly reduced the chronic HBV infection rate in the children. 13 Oral anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide analogues have been used in pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels to prevent MTCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of telbivudine in late pregnancy to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A multicenter prospective cohort study

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in ~10% of infants of HBV-infected mothers with positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) after immunoprophylaxis. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of telbivudine used during late pregnancy for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HBV. We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study in 5 hospitals from 2012 to 2014, which enrolled HBV-infected singleton pregnant women with positive HBeAg. By their choice, women were divided into therapy (telbivudine 600 mg/day, from gestation 28-32 weeks to 3-4 weeks postpartum) and control (no antiviral agent) groups. Infants received passive-active immunoprophylaxis and follow-up at the age of 7-14 months. Totally, 328 pregnant women were included: 149 in the telbivudine group and 179 in the control group. Baseline HBV DNA levels were similar in the 2 groups (7.43 vs 7.37 log IU/mL, P = .711). At delivery, HBV DNA levels in the telbivudine and control groups were 3.80 and 7.26 log IU/mL, respectively (P < .0001). Of the infants, 128 (85.9%) in the telbivudine group and 156 (87.2%) in the control group were followed up. No infant in the telbivudine group had chronic infection, while 2 (1.28%) infants in the control group did (P = .503). Three (2.34%) infants in the telbivudine group, but none in the control group, had severe congenital or developmental abnormalities (P = .090). The data indicate that telbivudine may block perinatal HBV transmission. However, larger studies are required to clarify whether anti-HBV therapy in pregnancy is associated with severe adverse effects in the foetuses and infants.

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Global prevalence of occult HBV infection in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wu,

He,

2024

Annals of Hepatology

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Minimization of hepatitis B infection among children in Jiangsu, China, 12 years after integration of hepatitis B vaccine into the expanded program on immunization

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Safety and efficacy of telbivudine in late pregnancy to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A multicenter prospective cohort study

Global prevalence of occult HBV infection in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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