“…There have been few recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. For more than 10 years, surgery and chemotherapy with gemcitabine have been the standard treatment methods[ 17 - 19 ]; yet, only 13%-15% of patients with pancreatic cancer are likely to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy[ 20 ]. Furthermore, patients with pancreatic cancer are prone to experience multidrug chemotherapy resistance[ 21 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whole genome analysis of pancreatic cancer shows that 12 core signaling pathways have genetic changes. Alterations in multiple genes and multiple pathways increase the difficulty of achieving effective treatment, resulting in poor prognoses[ 20 , 24 ]. Therefore, the key to the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer lies in early detection and diagnosis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensitivity and specificity of tumor marker CA19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are 79%-81% and 82%-90%, respectively. However, about 3%-7% of pancreatic cancer patients are Lewis antigen negative and also do not express CA19-9; abnormal CA19-9 levels are not detected in this type of patients[ 20 , 36 , 37 ]. In this study, serum levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were found to be closely related to blood CA19-9 levels.…”
AIMTo analyze the diagnostic value of a circular RNA (circRNA), circ-LDLRAD3, in pancreatic cancer.METHODSExpression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were tested in both cells and clinical samples; the latter included 30 paired pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, 31 plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, and 31 plasma samples from healthy volunteers. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 in cells and clinical samples; then, the relationship between clinicopathological factors of patient samples and expression of circ-LDLRAD3 in pancreatic cancer was analyzed. The diagnostic value of circ-LDLRAD3 was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTSCirc-LDLRAD3 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines (P < 0.01), pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.01), and plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer (P < 0.01). High expression of circ-LDLRAD3 was significantly associated with venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of circ-LDLRAD3 alone or combination with CA19-9 was 0.67 and 0.87, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.5738 (alone) and 0.7049 (alone), and 0.8033 (combination) and 0.9355 (combination), respectively.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that circ-LDLRAD3 may be a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
“…There have been few recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. For more than 10 years, surgery and chemotherapy with gemcitabine have been the standard treatment methods[ 17 - 19 ]; yet, only 13%-15% of patients with pancreatic cancer are likely to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy[ 20 ]. Furthermore, patients with pancreatic cancer are prone to experience multidrug chemotherapy resistance[ 21 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whole genome analysis of pancreatic cancer shows that 12 core signaling pathways have genetic changes. Alterations in multiple genes and multiple pathways increase the difficulty of achieving effective treatment, resulting in poor prognoses[ 20 , 24 ]. Therefore, the key to the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer lies in early detection and diagnosis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensitivity and specificity of tumor marker CA19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are 79%-81% and 82%-90%, respectively. However, about 3%-7% of pancreatic cancer patients are Lewis antigen negative and also do not express CA19-9; abnormal CA19-9 levels are not detected in this type of patients[ 20 , 36 , 37 ]. In this study, serum levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were found to be closely related to blood CA19-9 levels.…”
AIMTo analyze the diagnostic value of a circular RNA (circRNA), circ-LDLRAD3, in pancreatic cancer.METHODSExpression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were tested in both cells and clinical samples; the latter included 30 paired pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, 31 plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, and 31 plasma samples from healthy volunteers. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 in cells and clinical samples; then, the relationship between clinicopathological factors of patient samples and expression of circ-LDLRAD3 in pancreatic cancer was analyzed. The diagnostic value of circ-LDLRAD3 was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTSCirc-LDLRAD3 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines (P < 0.01), pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.01), and plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer (P < 0.01). High expression of circ-LDLRAD3 was significantly associated with venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of circ-LDLRAD3 alone or combination with CA19-9 was 0.67 and 0.87, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.5738 (alone) and 0.7049 (alone), and 0.8033 (combination) and 0.9355 (combination), respectively.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that circ-LDLRAD3 may be a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
“…Nevertheless, a special focus on the development and origin of pancreatic cancer is important, especially in the context of non-linear development of pancreatic cancer [15,22,32,33]. Although some predispositions are well understood, others are not and thus age and frequency of screening need further investigation [96].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most mouse models show a transdifferentiation of acinar cells and development of PanIN1a, PanIN1b (low-grade lesions), PanIN2 (intermediate-grade lesions), and PanIN3 (high-grade lesions) in a linear process; however, pancreatic cancer can also develop without a step up process of PanIN lesions [15,22,32,33]. More investigations are necessary to gain a better understanding of these processes and mechanisms.…”
Familial pancreatic cancer accounts for 10% of all patients with pancreatic cancer. Because the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is only 7%, screening programs for high-risk individuals are essential and might be advantageous. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mostly shows symptoms at an advanced state and treatment is not efficient enough to cure most patients. People with hereditary tumor syndromes or their affected relatives can also be included in such screening programs. Besides the collection of data to investigate the background of the disease, these screening programs aim to diagnose and treat precursor lesions so that more dangerous, invasive lesions are prevented. These precursor lesions can be pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm. This review summarizes the latest knowledge of pancreatic screening programs, shows the procedure of pancreatic cancer screening, and gives an overview of current guidelines.
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