Galangin suppresses human osteosarcoma cells: An exploration of its underlying mechanism

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor that frequently affects adolescents. Osteosarcoma cells tend to proliferate and invade other tissues such as those of the lungs. Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the primary strategy to prevent tumor progression. However, its adverse effects result in poor long-term outcomes. Previous research has shown that galangin exhibits antitumor properties on several types of cancer cells; however its effect on osteosarcoma cells is yet unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of galangin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that the proliferation of MG63 and U20S osteosarcoma cells decreased significantly, while the apoptosis of MG63 cells accelerated significantly after exposure to galangin. In addition, the migration and invasion of MG63 cells were significantly inhibited by galangin. Moreover, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Aktp-Thr308 expression levels were found to be significantly lower in galangin-treated MG63 cells than in the control cells, and the protein expression levels of their downstream regulators cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 were also downregulated in galangin-treated groups, while those of p27Kip1, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were upregulated. These findings suggest that galangin suppresses osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting their proliferation and invasion and accelerating their apoptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of PI3K and its downstream signaling pathway.

Jujube honey induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell via DNA damage, p53 expression, and caspase activation

“…In vivo experiments have also demonstrated the ability of quercetin to inhibit and prevent carcinogen-induced tumors in animals. Galangin was 20.8 mg/kg in jujube honey, which was reported in previous studied that it can induce autophagy through the upregulation of p53 in HepG2 cells (Wen, Wu, Luo, & Zhang, 2012), and the mechanism by which galangin suppresses human osteosarcoma cells has been elucidated (Yang et al, 2017). Although few studies have reported the anticancer effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, some fruits extracts enriched in p-hydroxybenzoic acid stimulate the apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro (Seeram et al, 2006).…”

Galangin Inhibits Thrombin-Induced MMP-9 Expression in SK-N-SH Cells via Protein Kinase-Dependent NF-κB Phosphorylation

“…Another study has also revealed that galangin induces p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and the apoptotic process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [53]. More recently, treatment of MG63 cells with galangin significantly inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and MMP-2/9 via the suppression of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation [54]. In this study, we confirmed that these Akt/mTOR-dependent pathways play crucial roles in galangin reducing the MMP-9 expression induced by thrombin in SK-N-SH cells.…”

RETRACTED ARTICLE: K-Ras G12V/Y40C -PI3K/AKT pathway regulates H1.4 S35ph through PKA to promote the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma cancer

“…Osteosarcoma, as one aggressive malignant, is prevalent in children and adolescents [1]. There are various treatment methods for osteosarcoma, such as preoperative chemotherapy, wide surgical excision, careful pathologic mapping of the resected tumor, and postoperative chemotherapy based upon the percentage of necrosis of the tumor [2,3]. Sadly, patients with high-grade osteosarcoma is characterized by metastasis normally have poor prognosis and outcomes [4].…”