Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B in Safflower Series of Herb Pairs Using Prep-HPLC and a Selective Knock-Out Approach

Abstract

Abstract:The flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Carthami Flos, safflower), important in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is known for treating blood stasis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease in clinical and experimental studies. It is widely accepted that hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (ASYB) are the major bioactive components of many formulae comprised of safflower. In this study, selective knock-out of target components such as HSYA and ASYB by using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) followed by antiplatelet and anticoagulation activities evaluation was used to investigate the roles of bioactive ingredients in safflower series of herb pairs. The results showed that both HSYA and ASYB not only played a direct role in activating blood circulation, but also indirectly made a contribution to the total bioactivity of safflower series of herb pairs.

Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

“…The results of the antioxidant assay were consistent with the experimental results reported by Yao et al [6]. The antioxidant activity increased with the increase of the concentration of safflower extract; meanwhile, the contents of HSYA and AHSYB in high concentration safflower extracts were also relatively high [16,44]. This indicates that HSYA and AHSYB played an important role in the antioxidant activity of the safflower extract.…”

“…However, because as ethanol is an organic substance, also known as industrial alcohol, it is flammable, volatile, and potentially toxic. The two active ingredients (HSYA and AHSYB) extracted herein, namely HSYA and AHSYB, are water-soluble components of safflower [16]. Therefore, pure water was selected as the extraction solvent in terms of economy and safety.…”

“…The effects of temperature (40,50,60,70, and 80 • C), extraction time (20,30,40,50, and 60 min), solvent-to-material ratio (10,12,14,16, and 18 mL/g), and the extraction power (40,80,120,160, and 200 W) were investigated for the effect on the extraction of HSYA and AHSYB. The results demonstrated that the yield of HSYA and AHSYB were increased between temperatures of 20 to 70 • C, and the values of the extraction yield reached a maximum at a temperature of 70 • C. Therefore, the temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 • C were selected for the RSM experiment.…”

“…Therefore, HSYA is extensively used in the field of pharmacology. Anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) ( Figure 1b) is another important bioactive ingredient [15][16][17] that is isolated from safflower. AHSYB contains numerous hydroxyl groups and possesses strong antioxidative properties; however, there are few studies on AHSYB at present.…”

Full-length transcriptome sequences and the identification of putative genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower

“…Flavonoids, particularly the water-soluble components, are responsible for these therapeutic effects. Among the flavonoids, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA), the primary active component of safflor yellow, has antioxidation activities and myocardial and cerebral protective effects [ 3 – 6 ].…”