Red reflex examination in neonates: evaluation of 3 years of screening

Cagini, Carlo; Tosi, Gianluigi; Stracci, Fabrizio; Rinaldi, Victoria Elisa; Verrotti, Alberto

doi:10.1007/s10792-016-0393-2

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7 However, our data show that RB is a relatively uncommon diagnosis in patients who present with ARR when compared with other diagnoses. This is consistent with prior studies that cite the incidence of RB to be between 0.005% 8 and 0.06%. 9 Since detecting an ARR in patients with RB can be difficult, with sensitivity estimates ranging from 16% for peripheral lesions viewed directly 10 to 96% for large lesions viewed obliquely, 11 prompt referral to an ophthalmologist remains critical if leukocoria is a concern to exclude RB as well as other vision-threatening pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

Lin

Yen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Children who present with an abnormal red reflex (ARR) are often referred to ophthalmology due to concern for retinoblastoma. However, an ARR can indicate a wide variety of pathologies, all of which have the potential to develop amblyopia and irreversible vision loss. In this retrospective cohort study, we demonstrate that children who presented with an ARR had a mean age of 22.0 ± 32.5 months and were more frequently referred by their pediatricians (74.5%). The majority of these patients (61.8%) had a normal examination on further evaluation, followed by refractive error (20.4%). Amblyopia was diagnosed in 83.9% of patients with refractive error, with a mean age of 50.3 ± 49.2 months. Because many ARR-associated pathologies require time-sensitive treatment to prevent vision loss, proper screening is critical for diagnosis. Pediatricians play a key role in screening, so education on more common ARR pathologies can better facilitate referrals and improve outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

Lin

Yen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…A study done by Romano P E et al [2] found Brückner test (a Red Reflex Test where both eyes are visualized simultaneously using a Direct Ophthalmoscope) to be a effective method in infants to screen for visual acuity, binocular acuity and ocular pathology. The study done by Cagini C et al [3] reported that in Umbria , during the study period, 22,884 live births were reported and of them, 22,272 new born were subjected to RER. In that study, RER Test was done on 22,272 (97.3%) children out 22884 who were born in Umbria, Italy over a span of 3 years of study (2012)(2013)(2014), out of which 461 neonates (4.83%) were found to be having an equivocal or positive test results who were then referred to higher centre where three neonates were found to be affected by an important ocular pathology ( two diagnosed with retinoblastoma and one diagnosed with congenital cataract).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common causes of preventable blindness among neonates includes Congenital cataract, High refractive error, Strabismus, Congenital glaucoma, retinal abnormalities like retinoblastomas, Retinopathy of prematurity and amblyopia . For all the ocular abnormalities, Red Eye Reflex test plays key screening tool for their early screening with high sensitivity as mentioned in previous studies conducted in developed countries [2][3][4][5]. The Red Reflex is described as the red to orange reflection of light from the fundus of the eye, observed while using a retinoscope or an ophthalmoscope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Red Reflex Test (RRT) for Early Detection of Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn

Singh

Taksande

2021

JPRI

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Background: The Red Reflex is described as the red to orange reflection of light from the fundus of the eye, observed while using a retinoscope or an ophthalmoscope. Red Eye Reflex Test is determined by the optical media transparency which includes vitreous humor, aqueous humor, cornea and tear film and reflection of light from the back of the eye (fundus) through optical media and into the aperture of the ophthalmoscope. Factors that will block or impede the passage of light through this transparent media or affects its reflection back from fundus will produce an abnormal Red Eye Reflex. Red Eye Reflex (RER) testing is important & effective tool for early detection of ocular abnormalities such as retinal abnormalities, cataract, retinoblastoma and glaucoma. Red reflex is cost effective, can be performed very easily, requires minimal setting, can screen important ocular abnormalities and facilitate their early detection with prompt intervention to prevent long term sequelae associated with the disease. Aim: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of Red Reflex test for diagnosing ocular abnormalities in newborns. Methodology: Ours will be a prospective cross-sectional study where RER examination will be performed within one week of birth of a newborn in a darkened and will correlate the examination findings with respect to ocular findings determined by ophthalmologist to determine its efficacy, sensitivity and specificity in detecting neonatal ocular abnormalities. Expected results: After completion of the study we will be able to determine the accuracy of RRT for ocular abnormality detection in the neonates. We will be able to determine the sensitivity, specificity, PPV & NPV of the red reflex test. If the specificity and the sensitivity is good then we can use RRT as a routine screening method for detection of intraocular abnormalities. Conclusion: To find the Red reflex Test efficacy in screening of the ocular abnormalities in the new born.

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“…За таких умовах пошук простих методів, які б дали змогу групувати пацієнтів та визначити терміновість огляду, набуває особливого значення. Протягом останнього часу багато уваги приділено вивченню можливостей діагностики очної патології за допомогою «рожевого рефлексу» з очного дна [1,7,8].…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

Screening of pediatric eye disease at home by using camera of mobile phone

Barinov

Lysytsia

2020

Endovasc. Neurorad.

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The simplest method of screening eye pathology in infant is red reflex examination. Present, absence or change of red reflex is key point in early detection of eye pathology. Objective – establish possibility using of mobile phone camera for eye pathology screening at home.Materials and methods. 750 children were included in research. Patient parents allowed photo their child before ophthalmology exam. First step was taking photo on parent’s mobile telephone in playing room from different distance and lighting. Second step was photo in exam room in mesopic condition in 1, 2 and 4 m distance with using maximum zoom and then ophthalmologic exam. After that, all photos was analysed by next signs: present or absence of red reflex, intensive of red reflex, present or absence pathology shadow, in case of red reflex changing, distance where changing is best viewed, comparison photo with result of ophthalmology exam. Results. After analysing photos all children was divided in three groups depending on red reflex chan-ging. In the first group red reflex was even without additional shadow, same in both eye. In this group after ophthalmology exam ametropy low level and eyelid pathology was diagnosed. In the second group red reflex was irregular by colour with additional light shadow or different intensity of red reflex in both eye. Ametropy high level was diagnosed in this group. In the third group we observed absence or colour change of red reflex. Cataract, congenital glaucoma, retinoblastoma, retinal and choroidal coloboma, Coats retinitis was diagnosed. Changing of red reflex possible to find on all photos from different distance, but the most informative was photo that was done from 1 m in mesopic condition. Conclusion. By equability and colour changing of red reflex on photo, all children may divided in three groups: 1 – children require only prophylactic ophthalmology exam, 2 – children require additional ophthalmology exam, 3 – children require immediate ophthalmology exam.

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Red reflex examination in neonates: evaluation of 3 years of screening

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

Abnormal Red Reflex: Etiologies in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population

Diagnostic Accuracy of Red Reflex Test (RRT) for Early Detection of Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn

Screening of pediatric eye disease at home by using camera of mobile phone

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