Triglycerides, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Outcome Studies: Focus on Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Handelsman, Yehuda; Shapiro, Michael D.

doi:10.4158/ep161445.ra

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…These studies, the first done in human cell and tissue models, support prior work done in animal in vivo and in vitro models documenting inflammation reducing effects of LC N-3 PUFA as well as changes in lipid droplet formation. Though data on the clinical use of LC N-3 PUFA in human metabolic disease, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes are conflicting [47][48][49][50][51][52], the pre-clinical evidence suggests there may be beneficial effects in the chronic inflammatory state of obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes

Ferguson

Roberts-Lee

Borcea

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically the fish oil derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed as inflammation resolving agents via their effects on adipose tissue. Objective: We proposed to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on human adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory activation in vitro. Methods: Primary human subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese subjects were treated with 100μM EPA and/or DHA throughout differentiation (differentiation studies) or for 72 hours post-differentiation (inflammatory studies). THP-1 monocytes were added to adipocyte wells for co-culture experiments. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose explants from obese subjects were treated for 72 hours with EPA and DHA. Oil-RedO staining was performed on live cells. Cells were collected for mRNA analysis by qPCR and media collected for protein quantification by ELISA. Results: Incubation with EPA and/or DHA attenuated inflammatory response to LPS and monocyte co-culture with reduction in post-LPS mRNA expression and protein levels of IL6, CCL2, and CX3CL1. Expression of inflammatory genes was also reduced in the endogenous inflammatory response in obese adipose. Both DHA and EPA reduced lipid droplet formation and lipogenic gene expression without alteration in expression of adipogenic genes or adiponectin secretion. Conclusions: EPA and DHA attenuate inflammatory activation of in vitro human adipocytes and reduce lipogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes

Ferguson

Roberts-Lee

Borcea

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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“…Furthermore, triglycerides are an independent predictor of endothelial function which associated with atherosclerosis. It has been reported that raising-triglyceride increase clinical cardiovascular endpoints but lowering circulating triglyceride levels may improve endothelial function, leading to a decrease in cardiovascular events [ 28 – 30 ]. It has been reported that TG may also stimulate atherogenesis by producing proinflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen and coagulation factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) attenuates atherosclerosis in apo-E knock-out mice possibly through reducing triglyceride and anti-inflammation

Zeng

Guan

et al. 2018

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundBitter melon (BM, Momordica charantia) has been accepted as an effective complementary treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and etc. However it is unclear whether BM can prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. To confirm the effects of BM on atherosclerosis and explore its underlying mechanisms, we design this study.MethodsTwenty four male apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group fed with high fat diet (HFD) only and BM group fed with HFD mixed with 1.2%w/w BM. After 16 weeks, body weight, food intake, blood glucose, serum lipids were measured and the atherosclerotic plaque area and its histological composition were analyzed. The expression of vascular cell adhesive molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the aortas were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBody weight gain and serum triglycerides (TG) significantly decreased in BM group. BM reduced not only the atherosclerotic plaque area and the contents of collagen fibers in atherosclerotic plaques but also the serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and P-selectin levels, as well as the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 in aortas.ConclusionOur study indicates that dietary BM can attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in ApoeE-/- mice possibly through reducing triglyceride and anti-inflammation mechanism.

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“…rHDL were used in patients with acute coronary syndrome and lead to an increase in plasma HDL-C and a decrease in a decrease in LDL-C ( Chenevard et al, 2012 ). As a caveat to these positive findings, animal studies and HDL-targeted gene therapy studies have indicated that apoAI overexpression did not cause regression of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions but rather retarded further expansion of pre-existing lesions ( Rong et al, 2001 ; Li et al, 2011 ; Van Craeyveld et al, 2011 ). Additionally, a study analyzing CER-001 found no difference between placebo and treatment in the reduction of atheroma volume ( Tardif et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Novel Therapy To Target Protective Hdl Subclassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Intervention to Modulate HDL: What Do We Target?

et al. 2018

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The cholesterol concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have traditionally served as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. As such, novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL cholesterol have been tested in the clinical setting. However, most trials led to a significant increase in HDL cholesterol with no improvement in cardiovascular events. The complexity of the HDL particle, which exerts multiple physiological functions and is comprised of a number of subclasses, has raised the question as to whether there should be more focus on HDL subclass and function rather than cholesterol quantity. We review current data regarding HDL subclasses and subclass-specific functionality and highlight how current lipid modifying drugs such as statins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, fibrates and niacin often increase cholesterol concentrations of specific HDL subclasses. In addition this review sets out arguments suggesting that the HDL3 subclass may provide better protective effects than HDL2.

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Triglycerides, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Outcome Studies: Focus on Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Cited by 42 publications

References 89 publications

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) attenuates atherosclerosis in apo-E knock-out mice possibly through reducing triglyceride and anti-inflammation

Pharmacological Intervention to Modulate HDL: What Do We Target?

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