Study on Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities of Trichosporon asahii

Abstract

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are considered the most important antioxidant enzymes which protect fungus from the oxidant damage of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we collected 44 strains of () from different sources and investigated their SOD and catalase activities. The results showed that the SOD and catalase activities of Clinical group were significantly higher than those of Environment group ( < 0.01). The SOD and catalase activities of in Internal passage group went up gradually after passage in mice, and were significantly higher in 5th generation of Internal passage group ( < 0.05). The SOD and catalase activities of Fluconazole-resistant group strains also increased after resistant induction, and the SOD and catalase activities were significantly higher in the 10th generation of Fluconazole-resistant group ( < 0.05). This implied that has stronger antioxidant ability. The strains of from different sources have different antioxidant abilities, which mainly manifest in the difference of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Clinical group strains have the strongest antioxidant capacity; Internal passage group strains and Fluconazole resistant group strains better; Environmental group strains the lowest. These results also suggested that the antioxidant defensive response of might be relevant to its infection mechanism and drug resistance mechanism.

The Cell Biology of the Trichosporon-Host Interaction

“…Of note, clinical isolates of T. asahii were also found to display hemolysin activity (Sun et al, 2012), a trait that is in line with the recent identification of candidalysin, a secreted protein with host cell lytic activity secreted by C. albicans (Moyes et al, 2016). During active penetration of tissues, expression of superoxide dismutases may also be relevant for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species released during tissue damage (Zhang et al, 2016). …”

“…Likewise, and because the deposition of eumelanin in the cell wall is essential for the pathogenicity of Trichosporon spp., it is plausible that a similar inhibitory mechanism takes place. In addition, T. asahii possesses a battery of scavenging enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutases (Zhang et al, 2016) that may allow its survival inside the phagosome. The escape from the innate immune system may also be conferred by the induction of pyroptosis—a form of programmed cell death that is dependent on caspase-1 activation of the inflammasome in host phagocytes (Krysan et al, 2014).…”

Metabolic and phenotypic plasticity may contribute for the higher virulence of Trichosporon asahii over other Trichosporonaceae members

“…Some of these virulence factors have been studied in last years. For instance, it is well known that the genus Trichosporon are able to produce a series of extracellular enzymes that can enhance fungal pathogenicity such as esterases, proteases, lipases, phospholipases, DNAse, catalases, superoxide dismutases and haemolysins 3,8–11 . Trichosporon biofilms are well characterised, presenting high adhesion capacity, high cell viability and high resistance to antifungal drugs, especially voriconazole, which has good activity against planktonic cells 12,13 .…”

“…For instance, it is well known that the genus Trichosporon are able to produce a series of extracellular enzymes that can enhance fungal pathogenicity such as esterases, proteases, lipases, phospholipases, DNAse, catalases, superoxide dismutases and haemolysins. 3,[8][9][10][11] Trichosporon biofilms are well characterised, presenting high adhesion capacity, high cell viability and high resistance to antifungal drugs, especially voriconazole, which has good activity against planktonic cells. 12,13 Planktonic cells are resistant to several common antifungal drugs regularly used to treat invasive fungal infections, such as fluconazole, amphotericin B and echinocandins.…”

The antimicrobial peptide oranicin P16 isolated from Trichosporon asahii ICVY021, found in camel milk's, inhibits Kocuria rhizophila

“…asahii is also emerging as a biotechnological tool for its ability to decontaminate polluted environments by accumulating large amounts of oils (Ageitos et al, 2011), and also converting isoeugenol into vanillin (Ashengroph and Amini, 2017). Strains of T. asahii were reported to produce lipase (Singh and Gupta, 2016), aspartic-type peptidase (Valle et al, 2017), and antioxidant molecules (Zhang et al, 2016). Furthermore, the T. asahii GSY10 strain was able to produce lipid from molasses, and was suggested as a feed supplement in dairy cattle (Paserakung et al, 2015).…”