Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban

Torres, Tiago; Cunha, Isabel; Martíns, Rosário; Santos, Miguel M.

doi:10.3390/ijms17101762

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…PP could also induce hatching delay by reducing hatching enzyme activities. Sublethal alterations recorded in our study were comparable with those reported in a previous study on zebrafish early‐life stages in which malformations appeared at a concentration of 3.5 mg/L at 32 hpf (Torres et al, ). In this study, the periods of observation were different from ours; in fact, embryos were observed just at three different developmental times (8, 32 and 80 hpf).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Sublethal exposure to propylparaben leads to lipid metabolism impairment in zebrafish early‐life stages

Perugini

Merola

Amorena

et al. 2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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Parabens are widely used in cosmetics, toiletries, food and pharmaceuticals. Toxicological effects of parabens on human lipid metabolism are not well established. The present study used the early‐life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to determine the toxicity of propylparaben (PP). The embryos were exposed for 96 hours postfertilization (hpf) at five different concentrations of PP, and lethal and sublethal alterations were recorded daily. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value was 3.98 mg/L. The most common sublethal alterations recorded at 1 and 2 mg/L were an enlarged and misshaped yolk sac, hyperexcitability, and reduction in head size and swim bladder. At sublethal concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/L, we observed an altered lipid metabolism, in terms of decrease in neutral lipid mobilization from yolk and alteration of phospholipid metabolism, both in the body and in the yolk sac. These observations were combined with strong head cartilage defects, indicating a strong effect of PP on head development. This research demonstrates that PP interferes with lipid utilization in zebrafish during early‐life stages that might be involved in neurological and skeletal abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…PP was dissolved in DMSO (DMSO at final concentration of 0.1%) and tested at five concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg/L). Experimental concentrations were chosen based on available literature (Torres, Cunha, Martins, & Santos, ). Selected embryos were placed individually with 2 mL of solution in each well of 24‐well plates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure to propylparaben leads to lipid metabolism impairment in zebrafish early‐life stages

Perugini

Merola

Amorena

et al. 2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Embryogenesis studies were carried out with slight modification of OECD TG236 (OECD, 2013 and Torres et al (2016). During the reproductive trials, 15 embryos from each treatment sub-replicate, with 1-1.5 hpf, were kept and randomly placed in 24 well plates (one egg per well) with 2 ml of clean dechlorinated water, free of SIM (Figure 1.B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 24 well plates were randomly maintained on a water bath at 26.5 ± 0.5°C during 80 h. Embryos were checked, every day, for mortality and at the end of the assay (80 hpf) were observed, under a stereomicroscope, for embryo development analysis. Morphological abnormalities on eyes, head, tail or yolk-sac; pericardial oedema; abnormal cell growth and developmental arrest were recorded as present or absent (Torres et al, 2016). Heart rate was evaluated during 15 s in four embryos per plate using a stop-watch, restarting the counting if the embryo moved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic environmentally relevant levels of Simvastatin induces non-monotonic responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Barros¹,

Montes

Quintana

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Simvastatin (SIM), a hypocholesterolaemic compound, is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention worldwide. Several studies have shown that acute exposure to SIM is able to produce multiple adverse effects in aquatic organisms. However, uncertainties still remain regarding the chronic effects of SIM in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of SIM in the model freshwater teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a chronic exposure (90 days) to environmentally relevant concentrations ranging from 8 ng/L to 1000 ng/L. This study used a multi-parametric approach integrating distinct ecological-relevant endpoints, i.e. survival, growth, reproduction and embryonic development, with biochemical markers (cholesterol and triglycerides). Furthermore, Real Time PCR was used to analyse the transcription levels of key genes involved in the mevalonate pathway (hmgcra, cyp51, and dhcr7). Globally, SIM induced several non-monotonic dose-responses; embryonic development, biochemical and molecular markers, were significantly impacted in the low-intermediate concentrations, 40 ng/L and 200 ng/L, whereas no effects were recorded for the highest tested SIM levels (1000 ng/L). Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of statins effects in teleost’s, demonstrating significant impacts at environmentally relevant concentrations. The findings highlight the importance of addressing the effects of chemicals under chronic low-level concentrations.Graphical abstractHighlightsSeveral uncertainties exist regarding simvastatin mode of action in non-target organismsThis work integrates D. rerio multi-level responses after long-term exposure to simvastatinSimvastatin impacted cholesterol/triglycerides levels and transcript levels of genes related to mevalonate pathway.Parental exposure to simvastatin induced offspring embryonic malformations.Embryonic abnormalities, biochemical and molecular data did follow a non-monotonic curve.

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“…Other adverse effects of TCC, such as hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and gene toxicity, have also been reported for different species. Exposure to 350 μg/L TCC was recently reported to induce an approximately 75% mortality rate; exposure to 133.3 and 147.5 μg/L TCC also decreased the heart rate and delayed yolk absorption and swim bladder development in zebrafish embryos from 6 hours post fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf . Furthermore, exposure to 6.7 μg/L TCC altered protein expressions related to binding and metabolism and skeletal muscle development and function and those involved in nervous system development and immune response, indicating that TCC features potential health risks in wildlife and humans at low concentration levels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclocarban at environmentally relevant concentrations induces the endoplasmic reticulum stress in zebrafish

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Triclocarban (TCC) is an antibacterial agent commonly found in environmental, wildlife, and human samples. However, with in-depth study of TCC, its negative effects are increasingly presented.Toxicological studies of TCC at environmentally relevant concentrations have been conducted in zebrafish embryos and indicated that TCC leads to deformity of development causes developmental deformities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of TCC in zebrafish embryos have not been entirely elucidated. We investigated whether exposure to TCC at environmentally relevant concentrations induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were grown to 32 hours post fertilization and exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/L TCC and used in whole-mount in situ hybridization to visualize the expression of ER chaperone hspa5 and ER stress-related apoptosis factor chop. Zebrafish livers were exposed to different concentrations of TCC to elaborate the relationships between fatty degeneration and ER stress. Then, a human hepatic cell line (HL-7702) was used to test whether TCC induced ER stress in human livers similar to those of zebrafish. In zebrafish embryos, TCC induced high hspa5 expression, which could defend against external stimulations. Furthermore, hapa5, hsp90b1, and chop exhibited ectopic expressions in the neuromast, intestinal tract, and tail tip of zebrafish embryos. On the one hand, significant differences were observed in the mRNA and protein expressions of the ER stress molecular chaperone pPERK-pEIF2a-ATF4 and ATF6 pathways in HL-7702 cells exposed to TCC. On the other hand, lipid droplet accumulation slightly increased in zebrafish livers exposed to 10 μg/L TCC in vitro. These results demonstrate that TCC not only damages the development of zebrafish embryos and structure of zebrafish liver but also influences human hepatic cells by activating ER stress and the UPR signaling pathway. K E Y W O R D S endoplasmic reticulum stress, HL-7702, triclocarban, unfolded protein response, zebrafish embryos

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Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Sublethal exposure to propylparaben leads to lipid metabolism impairment in zebrafish early‐life stages

Sublethal exposure to propylparaben leads to lipid metabolism impairment in zebrafish early‐life stages

Chronic environmentally relevant levels of Simvastatin induces non-monotonic responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Triclocarban at environmentally relevant concentrations induces the endoplasmic reticulum stress in zebrafish

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