Low plastic ingestion rate in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Newfoundland destined for human consumption collected through citizen science methods

Liboiron, Max; Wells, Emily; Ruddle, Natalie; Zahara, Alexander; Mather, Charles; Bradshaw, Hillary; Murichi, Judyannet

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.043

Cited by 82 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…However, we have no comparison for our data with other aquatic organisms living within the sea-ice habitat. Our overall result of 2.8% frequency of occurrence of ingested non-fibrous microplastic particles among 72 polar cod is similar to the level of plastic ingestion observed in the full gastrointestinal tracts of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) from Newfoundland, where 2.4% of 205 fish analysed contained non-fibrous plastic (Liboiron et al 2016 ). Prokhorova and Krivosheya ( 2013 ) reported two incidents in the Barents Sea of an Atlantic cod found to be entangled in fishing line and one individual with ingested plastic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean

Kühn¹,

Schaafsma²,

Werven

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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One of the recently recognised stressors in Arctic ecosystems concerns plastic litter. In this study, juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were investigated for the presence of plastics in their stomachs. Polar cod is considered a key species in the Arctic ecosystem. The fish were collected both directly from underneath the sea ice in the Eurasian Basin and in open waters around Svalbard. We analysed the stomachs of 72 individuals under a stereo microscope. Two stomachs contained nonfibrous microplastic particles. According to µFTIR analysis, the particles consisted of epoxy resin and a mix of Kaolin with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fibrous objects were excluded from this analysis to avoid bias due to contamination with airborne micro-fibres. A systematic investigation of the risk for secondary micro-fibre contamination during analytical procedures showed that precautionary measures in all procedural steps are critical. Based on the two non-fibrous objects found in polar cod stomachs, our results show that ingestion of microplastic particles by this ecologically important fish species is possible. With increasing human activity, plastic ingestion may act as an increasing stressor on polar cod in combination with ocean warming and sea-ice decline in peripheral regions of the Arctic Ocean. To fully assess the significance of this stressor and its spatial and temporal variability, future studies must apply a rigorous approach to avoid secondary pollution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean

Kühn¹,

Schaafsma²,

Werven

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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“…This table was organized according to bathymetric depth distribution as determined by searching for species depth ranges and records on Fishbase (Froese and Pauly, 2015). Geographic region was categorized according to methods used by Liboiron et al, (2016) Figure S1. Particles obtained from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract dissections of silver hake individuals, and suspected to be of plastic composition.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A zero percent plastic ingestion rate by silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) from the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada

Ammendolia

Saturno

Melvine

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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Silver hake, (Merluccius bilinearis), contributes significant biomass to Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. The incidence of plastic ingestion for 134 individuals collected from Newfoundland, Canada was examined through visual examination of gastrointestinal contents and Raman spectrometry. We found a frequency of occurrence of ingestion of 0%. Through a comprehensive literature review of globally published fish ingestion studies, we found our value to be consistent with 41% (n=100) of all reported fish ingestion rates. We could not statistically compare silver hake results to other species due to low sample sizes in other studies (less than n=20) and a lack of standardized sampling methods. We recommend that further studies should 1) continue to report 0% plastic ingestion rates and 2) should describe location and species-specific traits that may contribute to 0% ingestion rates, particularly in locations where fish consumption has cultural and economic significance. Terms:• Frequency of occurrence: the number of individual fish within a sample population that have ingested plastics, regardless of how many plastics they ingested (%FO)

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“…Biological matrices were digested and removed from fish samples using various pretreatment methods. For large fish, the stomach and/or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was isolated and digested to detect microplastics [ 9 , 25 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Unlike the digestion method used for sea salts, various chemicals were used to decompose organic materials, including potassium hydroxide (KOH) [ 9 , 22 , 23 , 38 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 62 , 64 , 71 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Kwon

Kim

Pham

et al. 2020

IJERPH

121

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Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.

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Low plastic ingestion rate in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Newfoundland destined for human consumption collected through citizen science methods

Cited by 82 publications

References 72 publications

Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean

Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean

A zero percent plastic ingestion rate by silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) from the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

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